我在升级软件时遇到问题。我无法更新、升级或删除我的软件。
更新管理器的通知签署了 46 个安全数据包和 83 个其他数据包，当我单击它来安装它们时，会出现另一个窗口并写入：
并非所有软件包都可标记为升级。可用的升级可能需要安装或删除新软件包。是否要标记可能需要安装或删除其他软件包的升级？
我有两种可能性：
标记更新或否
与我的回答无关，我收到两个错误窗口：
第一个是：
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/c/coreutils/coreutils_8.13-3ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/libapt-pkg4.12_0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt_0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/libapt-inst1.4_0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apparmor/apparmor_2.7.102-0ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apparmor/apparmor_2.7.102-0ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxml2/libxml2_2.7.8.dfsg-5.1ubuntu4.2_i386.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxml2/libxml2_2.7.8.dfsg-5.1ubuntu4.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-common_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_all.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/libmysqlclient18_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_i386.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/libmysqlclient18_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/tiff/libtiff4_3.9.5-2ubuntu1.3_i386.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/tiff/libtiff4_3.9.5-2ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-server_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_all.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-server-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-client_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_all.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt-utils_0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt-transport-https_0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-client-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-client-core-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-server-core-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/bind9-host_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/dnsutils_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/libisc83_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/libdns81_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/libisccc80_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apport/python-problem-report_2.0.1-0ubuntu15_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apport/python-apport_2.0.1-0ubuntu15_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/libisccfg82_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/liblwres80_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apport/apport_2.0.1-0ubuntu15_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apport/apport-kde_2.0.1-0ubuntu15_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/postgresql-9.1/libpq5_9.1.6-0ubuntu12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/libbind9-80_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox-globalmenu_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox-locale-en_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/multiverse/f/flashplugin-nonfree/flashplugin-installer_11.2.202.251ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxml2/libxml2-utils_2.7.8.dfsg-5.1ubuntu4.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta/linux-generic_3.2.0.33.36_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta/linux-image-generic_3.2.0.33.36_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta/linux-headers-generic_3.2.0.33.36_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta/linux-headers-generic_3.2.0.33.36_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/thunderbird/thunderbird-globalmenu_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/aptdaemon/aptdaemon_0.43+bzr805-0ubuntu6_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/aptdaemon/python-aptdaemon_0.43+bzr805-0ubuntu6_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/thunderbird/thunderbird-globalmenu_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/thunderbird/thunderbird_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
当我单击“确定”时，会出现另一个：
应用更改时发生以下错误：软件包：ubuntu-keyring 详细信息 错误：子进程安装后安装脚本返回错误退出状态 127
第二个是：
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/c/coreutils/coreutils_8.13-3ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/libapt-pkg4.12_0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt_0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/libapt-inst1.4_0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apparmor/apparmor_2.7.102-0ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apparmor/apparmor_2.7.102-0ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxml2/libxml2_2.7.8.dfsg-5.1ubuntu4.2_i386.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxml2/libxml2_2.7.8.dfsg-5.1ubuntu4.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-common_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_all.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/libmysqlclient18_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_i386.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/libmysqlclient18_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/tiff/libtiff4_3.9.5-2ubuntu1.3_i386.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/tiff/libtiff4_3.9.5-2ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-server_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_all.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-server-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-client_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_all.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt-utils_0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt-transport-https_0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-client-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-client-core-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/m/mysql-5.5/mysql-server-core-5.5_5.5.28-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/bind9-host_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/dnsutils_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/libisc83_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/libdns81_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/libisccc80_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apport/python-problem-report_2.0.1-0ubuntu15_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80] Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apport/python-apport_2.0.1-0ubuntu15_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/libisccfg82_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/liblwres80_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apport/apport_2.0.1-0ubuntu15_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apport/apport-kde_2.0.1-0ubuntu15_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/postgresql-9.1/libpq5_9.1.6-0ubuntu12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/bind9/libbind9-80_9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox-globalmenu_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox-locale-en_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/multiverse/f/flashplugin-nonfree/flashplugin-installer_11.2.202.251ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxml2/libxml2-utils_2.7.8.dfsg-5.1ubuntu4.2_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta/linux-generic_3.2.0.33.36_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta/linux-image-generic_3.2.0.33.36_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta/linux-headers-generic_3.2.0.33.36_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta/linux-headers-generic_3.2.0.33.36_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/thunderbird/thunderbird-globalmenu_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/aptdaemon/aptdaemon_0.43+bzr805-0ubuntu6_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/aptdaemon/python-aptdaemon_0.43+bzr805-0ubuntu6_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 193.206.140.37 80]
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/thunderbird/thunderbird-globalmenu_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
Failed to download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/thunderbird/thunderbird_16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found
我尝试运行：
sudo apt-get 更新
进而
sudo apt-get upgrade 或 sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
但
当我运行时，sudo apt-get update结果是：
http://paste.ubuntu.com/1468542/
当我执行“sudo apt-get dist-upgrade”时： http://paste.ubuntu.com/1468859/
我该如何解决这个问题？
编辑：
读到错误信息，我认为问题可能出在 ubuntu-keyring 上。我在 ask.ubuntu 中搜索，找到了以下链接： 使用 apt-get 更新系统时出现问题
我尝试过：
:~$ sudo rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*
:~$ sudo apt-get update
结果如下：http://paste.ubuntu.com/1475133/
和：
:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade
结果如下：http://paste.ubuntu.com/1475136/
编辑2：
我查看了错误，猜测可能是 libreadline 出了问题。我在这里问了一些问题：https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/31143/libreadline-so-6/31177
最后我删除了文件，成功升级了系统，但是当我重新启动系统时，删除的文件仍然存在。所以问题仍然存在。
非常感谢你的帮助
答案1
软件包管理器似乎正在尝试检索服务器上不再存在的软件包。当您的 Ubuntu 系统上有关哪些软件包和哪些版本可用的信息已过期时，就会发生这种情况。
如果您使用软件中心或更新管理器进行更新，则不会发生这种情况，因为它们应该自动检索有关可用软件包和版本的最新信息。
但是，如果您使用命令行并且只是运行sudo apt-get upgrade，这完全是意料之中的。从命令行更新系统或安装新软件时，你应该sudo apt-get update先跑。因此，要升级，请运行：
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
（为了确保你升级，你可能需要然后运行sudo apt-get dist-upgrade以捕获需要安装或删除其他软件包的任何更新。除非您有经验知道哪些软件包可以安全删除，哪些不能安全删除，否则我建议运行该后 sudo apt-get upgrade。
有关运行的重要性sudo apt-get update以及每个命令的作用的更详细说明，请查看：