这里是 12.04 LTS，首先让我先给你一个 uname -a 输出
3.2.0-35-generic-pae #55-Ubuntu SMP 2012 年 12 月 5 日星期三 18:04:39 UTC i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
所以我的启动分区是 100%。这真是大错特错，所以我想清理它，以便升级这台机器上的 vmware tools。我运行了通常的
dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0- 9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge
然而，当我尝试这样做时，我不断收到有关未满足依赖关系的问题。
正在读取软件包列表... 完成 正在构建依赖关系树 正在读取状态信息... 完成 您可能需要运行“apt-get -f install”来更正这些问题： 以下软件包具有未满足的依赖关系： linux-generic：依赖：linux-headers-generic（= 3.2.0.37.44），但需要安装 3.2.0.38.46 linux-headers-generic：依赖：linux-headers-3.2.0-38-generic 但不会安装 linux-image-generic：依赖：linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic 但不会安装 linux-image-generic-pae：依赖：linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic-pae 但不会安装 E：未满足的依赖关系。尝试不使用软件包（或指定解决方案）执行“apt-get -f install”。
如果我尝试安装任何东西，当然会因为 /boot 上没有足够的空间而失败。所以我暂时将一些较旧的内核移到了 /tmp。这是我的 /tmp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 14 19:34 hsperfdata_root
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7906868 May 29 2012 initrd.img-2.6.28-19-server.old.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17083030 Oct 26 10:57 initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17096219 Oct 26 11:00 initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17085508 Dec 31 08:20 initrd.img-3.2.0-33-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17099160 Dec 31 08:20 initrd.img-3.2.0-33-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17091480 Dec 31 08:23 initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Feb 22 11:07 mkinitramfs_LzTuqq
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Feb 22 11:07 mkinitramfs-OL_lNbawL
-rw------- 1 root root 2249889 Jul 6 2012 System.map-3.2.0-27-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 2311276 Jul 6 2012 System.map-3.2.0-27-generic-pae
-rw------- 1 root root 2251905 Oct 18 13:27 System.map-3.2.0-33-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 2313292 Oct 18 13:41 System.map-3.2.0-33-generic-pae
-rw------- 1 root root 2252451 Nov 15 07:04 System.map-3.2.0-34-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 4855808 Jul 6 2012 vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 5010688 Jul 6 2012 vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic-pae
-rw------- 1 root root 4861280 Oct 18 13:27 vmlinuz-3.2.0-33-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 5015328 Oct 18 13:41 vmlinuz-3.2.0-33-generic-pae
-rw------- 1 root root 4862688 Nov 15 07:04 vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Jan 14 19:34 vmware-root
所以现在我尝试使用 aptitude safe-upgrade 来查看它是否能修复内核的问题，它似乎确实安装了 3.2.0-38，但是 3.2.0-37 不在 /boot 中，所以我认为这就是问题所在。
下面是我的启动内容（移动到 /tmp 后使用了 49%，进行 aptitude safe-upgrade 后使用了 %69）。
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 795776 Jul 6 2012 abi-3.2.0-27-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 800453 Jul 6 2012 abi-3.2.0-27-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 797027 Oct 18 13:27 abi-3.2.0-33-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 801704 Oct 18 13:41 abi-3.2.0-33-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 797082 Nov 15 07:04 abi-3.2.0-34-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 797121 Dec 5 13:52 abi-3.2.0-35-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 801798 Dec 5 14:06 abi-3.2.0-35-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 797231 Jan 8 17:48 abi-3.2.0-36-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 801908 Jan 8 18:03 abi-3.2.0-36-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 797340 Feb 19 08:29 abi-3.2.0-38-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 802017 Feb 19 08:44 abi-3.2.0-38-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147463 Jul 6 2012 config-3.2.0-27-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147401 Jul 6 2012 config-3.2.0-27-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147497 Oct 18 13:27 config-3.2.0-33-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147435 Oct 18 13:41 config-3.2.0-33-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147514 Nov 15 07:04 config-3.2.0-34-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147514 Dec 5 13:52 config-3.2.0-35-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147452 Dec 5 14:06 config-3.2.0-35-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147514 Jan 8 17:48 config-3.2.0-36-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147452 Jan 8 18:03 config-3.2.0-36-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147497 Feb 19 08:29 config-3.2.0-38-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147435 Feb 19 08:44 config-3.2.0-38-generic-pae
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 5120 Feb 22 11:25 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17092973 Dec 31 10:09 initrd.img-3.2.0-35-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17101417 Dec 31 10:09 initrd.img-3.2.0-35-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17093970 Jan 18 06:52 initrd.img-3.2.0-36-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17103977 Jan 18 06:52 initrd.img-3.2.0-36-generic-pae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17090717 Feb 22 11:23 initrd.img-3.2.0-38-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17098330 Feb 22 11:25 initrd.img-3.2.0-38-generic-pae
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Jul 2 2009 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176764 Nov 27 2011 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178944 Nov 27 2011 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw------- 1 root root 2252128 Dec 5 13:52 System.map-3.2.0-35-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 2314162 Dec 5 14:06 System.map-3.2.0-35-generic-pae
-rw------- 1 root root 2252687 Jan 8 17:48 System.map-3.2.0-36-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 2314721 Jan 8 18:03 System.map-3.2.0-36-generic-pae
-rw------- 1 root root 2253664 Feb 19 08:29 System.map-3.2.0-38-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 2315698 Feb 19 08:44 System.map-3.2.0-38-generic-pae
-rw------- 1 root root 4863712 Dec 5 13:52 vmlinuz-3.2.0-35-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 5017984 Dec 5 14:06 vmlinuz-3.2.0-35-generic-pae
-rw------- 1 root root 4864480 Jan 8 17:48 vmlinuz-3.2.0-36-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 5019456 Jan 8 18:03 vmlinuz-3.2.0-36-generic-pae
-rw------- 1 root root 4864128 Feb 19 08:29 vmlinuz-3.2.0-38-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 5018240 Feb 19 08:44 vmlinuz-3.2.0-38-generic-pae
无论我做什么，我都无法以正确的方式清除旧内核。它总是给我一个依赖性错误并建议我尝试 apt-get-f install。好吧，甚至 apt-get -f install 也给我错误。
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
linux-generic linux-image-generic linux-image-generic-pae
The following packages will be upgraded:
linux-generic linux-image-generic linux-image-generic-pae
3 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
4 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/6,944 B of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic:
linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic; however:
Package linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic is not installed.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic:
linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:
Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet.
linux-generic depends on linux-headers-generic (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:
Version of linux-headers-generic on system is 3.2.0.38.46.
dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic-pae:
linux-image-generic-pae depends on linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic-pae; however:
Package linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic-pae is not installed.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic-pae (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-server:
linux-image-server depends on linux-image-generic-pae; however:
Package linux-image-generic-pae is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-server (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-generic
linux-generic
linux-image-generic-pae
linux-image-server
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
无论我尝试什么，它都会继续引用那些 liux 图像/内核。
请帮忙！
答案1
首先，您需要满足所有依赖关系，使您的系统处于正常状态。
运行以下命令来执行此操作。
sudo apt-get --reinstall --force-yes install linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic-pae linux-image-generic-pae
小心使用--force-yes。除非您真的需要，否则不要使用该开关，并且在清除时要特别小心，它可能会弄乱您的系统。
一旦您的系统处于正常状态，请在将其直接传送到 apt-get 之前查看该命令将清除什么。
dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d'
如果要清除列出的软件包，请使用管道重复该命令以sudo apt-get -y purge