编辑添加了 ls -l /dev/snd/
编辑添加了 amixer -c 0
我尝试让我的 ubuntu server 12.04 lts 播放声音文件。但是我总是收到以下错误，显示来自扬声器测试命令。
更新我不再收到以下错误，声音文件将播放（必须将我的用户添加到声音组），但是听不到声音。
speaker-test 1.0.25
Playback device is default
Stream parameters are 48000Hz, S16_LE, 1 channels
Using 16 octaves of pink noise
ALSA lib confmisc.c:768:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4241:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4241:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1251:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4241:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:4720:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2217:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
Playback open error: -2,No such file or directory
aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: CMI8738 [C-Media CMI8738], device 0: CMI8738-MC6 [C-Media PCI DAC/ADC]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: CMI8738 [C-Media CMI8738], device 1: CMI8738-MC6 [C-Media PCI 2nd DAC]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: CMI8738 [C-Media CMI8738], device 2: CMI8738-MC6 [C-Media PCI IEC958]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
lspci -v | grep -A7 -i "audio"
01:00.0 Multimedia audio controller: C-Media Electronics Inc CMI8738/CMI8768 PCI Audio (rev 10)
Subsystem: C-Media Electronics Inc CMI8738/C3DX PCI Audio Device
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 21
I/O ports at de00 [size=256]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: snd_cmipci
Kernel modules: snd-cmipci
01:08.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82562EZ 10/100 Ethernet Controller (rev 02)
lsmod | grep snd
snd_cmipci 39606 0
gameport 15088 1 snd_cmipci
snd_pcm 85934 1 snd_cmipci
snd_page_alloc 18398 1 snd_pcm
snd_opl3_lib 18863 1 snd_cmipci
snd_hwdep 13276 1 snd_opl3_lib
snd_mpu401_uart 13865 1 snd_cmipci
snd_seq_midi 13132 0
snd_rawmidi 25157 2 snd_mpu401_uart,snd_seq_midi
snd_seq_midi_event 14475 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_seq 51593 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event
snd_timer 28931 3 snd_pcm,snd_opl3_lib,snd_seq
snd_seq_device 14137 4 snd_opl3_lib,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq
snd 57014 9 snd_cmipci,snd_pcm,snd_opl3_lib,snd_hwdep,snd_mpu401_uart,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device
soundcore 12600 1 snd
ls -l /dev/snd/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 Sep 7 11:12 by-path
crw-rw---T 1 root audio 116, 8 Sep 7 11:12 controlC0
crw-rw---T 1 root audio 116, 7 Sep 7 11:12 pcmC0D0c
crw-rw---T 1 root audio 116, 6 Sep 7 11:12 pcmC0D0p
crw-rw---T 1 root audio 116, 5 Sep 7 11:12 pcmC0D1c
crw-rw---T 1 root audio 116, 4 Sep 7 11:12 pcmC0D2c
crw-rw---T 1 root audio 116, 3 Sep 7 11:12 pcmC0D3c
crw-rw---T 1 root audio 116, 2 Sep 7 11:12 pcmC0D4p
crw-rw---T 1 root audio 116, 1 Sep 7 11:12 seq
crw-rw---T 1 root audio 116, 33 Sep 7 11:12 timer
amixer -c 0
Simple mixer control 'Master',0
Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 31 [100%] [0.00dB] [on]
Front Right: Playback 31 [100%] [0.00dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'Master Mono',0
Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono: Playback 31 [100%] [0.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'Master Surround',0
Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 31 [100%] [0.00dB] [off]
Front Right: Playback 31 [100%] [0.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'Headphone Jack Sense',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'PCM',0
Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off]
Front Right: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'Surround',0
Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 31 [100%] [0.00dB] [off]
Front Right: Playback 31 [100%] [0.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'Surround Jack Mode',0
Capabilities: enum
Items: 'Shared' 'Independent'
Item0: 'Shared'
Simple mixer control 'Center',0
Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono: Playback 31 [100%] [0.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'LFE',0
Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono: Playback 31 [100%] [0.00dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'Line',0
Capabilities: pvolume pswitch cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum
Capture exclusive group: 0
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Front Left: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off] Capture [off]
Front Right: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off] Capture [off]
Simple mixer control 'Line Jack Sense',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'CD',0
Capabilities: pvolume pswitch cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum
Capture exclusive group: 0
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Front Left: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off] Capture [off]
Front Right: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off] Capture [off]
Simple mixer control 'Mic',0
Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum
Capture exclusive group: 0
Playback channels: Mono
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono: Playback 0 [0%] [-34.50dB] [off]
Front Left: Capture [on]
Front Right: Capture [on]
Simple mixer control 'Mic Boost (+20dB)',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Mic Select',0
Capabilities: enum
Items: 'Mic1' 'Mic2'
Item0: 'Mic1'
Simple mixer control 'Video',0
Capabilities: cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum
Capture exclusive group: 0
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Front Left: Capture [off]
Front Right: Capture [off]
Simple mixer control 'Phone',0
Capabilities: pvolume pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum
Capture exclusive group: 0
Playback channels: Mono
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off]
Front Left: Capture [off]
Front Right: Capture [off]
Simple mixer control 'Aux',0
Capabilities: pvolume pswitch cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum
Capture exclusive group: 0
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Front Left: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off] Capture [off]
Front Right: Playback 31 [100%] [12.00dB] [off] Capture [off]
Simple mixer control 'Capture',0
Capabilities: cvolume cswitch penum
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Capture 0 - 15
Front Left: Capture 0 [0%] [0.00dB] [on]
Front Right: Capture 0 [0%] [0.00dB] [on]
Simple mixer control 'Mix',0
Capabilities: cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum
Capture exclusive group: 0
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Front Left: Capture [off]
Front Right: Capture [off]
Simple mixer control 'Mix Mono',0
Capabilities: cswitch cswitch-exclusive penum
Capture exclusive group: 0
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Front Left: Capture [off]
Front Right: Capture [off]
Simple mixer control 'Channel Mode',0
Capabilities: enum
Items: '2ch' '4ch' '6ch'
Item0: '2ch'
Simple mixer control 'Downmix',0
Capabilities: enum
Items: 'Off' '6 -> 4' '6 -> 2'
Item0: 'Off'
Simple mixer control 'Exchange Front/Surround',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'External Amplifier',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'High Pass Filter Enable',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Spread Front to Surround and Center/LFE',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Stereo Mic',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'V_REFOUT Enable',0
Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback [on]
答案1
通过将我的用户添加到声音组来解决。
sudo useradd -G sound {username}
然后强制我的集成声卡具有索引 1，因此 pci 卡默认为 0。
找到您不想设为默认的卡。我的是 snd_intel8x0。当前默认的索引为 0。
cat /proc/asound/modules
0 snd_cmipci
1 snd_intel8x0
修改 conf 文件，将你不想要的默认卡设置为索引 1
sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
找到以下行：
# Prevent abnormal drivers from grabbing index 0
并在其下方添加以下内容，使用你的声卡名称代替我的 snd_intel8x0
options snd_intel8x0 index=1
最后重新启动并使用 alsamixer 确保卡没有静音。
alsamixer
答案2
主单声道和环绕声都已静音。如果您切换它们，它应该可以正常工作：
amixer -c 0 sset 'Master Mono' toggle
amixer -c 0 sset 'Master Surround' toggle
如果您想要更改，off只需on使用设备名称重复相同的命令即可。
要更改音量，您应该使用：
amixer -c 0 sset 'Master Mono' 100%
amixer -c 0 sset 'Master Surround' 100%