![如何强制 SSH 仅允许拥有密钥的用户登录?](https://linux22.com/image/842281/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%BC%BA%E5%88%B6%20SSH%20%E4%BB%85%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E6%8B%A5%E6%9C%89%E5%AF%86%E9%92%A5%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%EF%BC%9F.png)
我尝试按照此处的说明进行操作: http://lani78.wordpress.com/2008/08/08/generate-a-ssh-key-and-disable-password-authentication-on-ubuntu-server/
仅允许服务器上拥有公钥的用户进行身份验证,但我无法让 SSH 禁止仅使用用户名/密码登录。
这是我的 sshd_config 文件 - 我遗漏了什么吗?我已经尝试重新启动 SSH 和计算机本身。
# Package generated configuration file
# See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details
# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22
# Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to
#ListenAddress ::
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
Protocol 2
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
#Privilege Separation is turned on for security
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes
# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
KeyRegenerationInterval 3600
ServerKeyBits 768
# Logging
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin yes
StrictModes yes
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
#AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
IgnoreRhosts yes
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
HostbasedAuthentication no
# Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes
# To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED)
PermitEmptyPasswords no
# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
#PasswordAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#MaxStartups 10:30:60
#Banner /etc/issue.net
# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM no
答案1
默认PasswordAuthentication
设置为是的,因此明确注释掉它/etc/ssh/sshd_config
并重新启动sshd
是没有效果的。
你需要明确地设置PasswordAuthentication no
为仅允许公钥认证。
# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
PasswordAuthentication no
PubkeyAuthentication yes
注(man
sshd_config
):PasswordAuthentication
指定是否允许密码验证。默认为是。
并重新启动sshd
- 对于 sysvinit
service ssh restart
- 对于 systemd
systemctl restart sshd.service
。
此外,最佳做法是使用以下指令(按顺序)DenyUsers
AllowUsers
DenyGroups
AllowGroups
来实现更精细的 SSH 访问控制粒度和灵活性。-> 参考:man 5 sshd_config---> Ubuntu openssh 手册页不再包含此内容,因为它吸收了 openssh 上游文档(但 FreeBSD、EL 7、8 手册页仍然有它们)。
最后但并非最不重要的
注意:设置时要小心
UsePAM no
,因为这样密码锁定的用户帐户(这与禁用/过期的用户帐户不同->man passwd
和man usermod
)将无法登录,即使他们在中配置了公钥认证~/.ssh/authorized_keys
。
答案2
答案3
在中/etc/ssh/sshd_config
,以下设置对我有用:
PasswordAuthentication no
UsePAM no
最后,重新启动sshd
守护进程。
答案4
您想要的那一行在 sshd_config 文件中被异常默认注释掉了。
# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
--->#PasswordAuthentication yes
要禁用密码,yes
请将no
删除评论:
# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
PasswordAuthentication no