无法访问 Samba 共享但在网络中可见

Question

在 Windows 中，它会要求输入用户名和密码；在 Ubuntu 中，它会要求输入用户名、域和密码。

我输入了 root 和本地用户的密码，它显示无法访问。

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
    workgroup = test
    netbios name = bishwa

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
    server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
   wins support = yes

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
    dns proxy = no

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names
# to IP addresses
   name resolve order = wins lmhosts host bcast

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes



#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
    log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
    max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
#   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
    syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
    panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account
# in this server for every user accessing the server. See
# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html
# in the samba-doc package for details.
    security = user

# You may wish to use password encryption.  See the section on
# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.
    encrypt passwords = yes

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.  
    passdb backend = tdbsam

    obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
    unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<[email protected]> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
    passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
    passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
    pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
    map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC
# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must
# change the 'domain master' setting to no
#
    domain logons = yes
    domain master = yes
;   local master = yes
    preferred master = yes
    os level = 64
#
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory
# from the client point of view)
# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the
# samba server (see below)
    logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
    logon drive = H:
;   logon home = \\%n\%u

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
    add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

########## Printing ##########

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
#   load printers = yes

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the
# printcap file
;   printing = bsd
;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

# CUPS printing.  See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the
# cupsys-client package.
;   printing = cups
;   printcap name = cups

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html
# for details
# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:
#         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
#   socket options = TCP_NODELAY

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package
# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are
# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.
;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this
# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you
# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.
#   domain master = auto

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# The following was the default behaviour in sarge,
# but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce
# performance issues in large organizations.
# See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not*
# having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details.
;   winbind enum groups = yes
;   winbind enum users = yes

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
    usershare allow guests = yes
    username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
;   guest ok = no
;   guest account = nobody

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each 
# user's home director as \\server\username
[homes]
    comment = Home Directories
    browseable = no
    writable = yes

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server. Un-comment the following parameter
# to make sure that only "username" can connect to \\server\username
# The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect
#
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
;   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
[netlogon]
    comment = Network Logon Service
    path = /home/samba/netlogon
    guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
[profiles]
    comment = Users profiles
    path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
    browseable = no
    create mask = 0600
    directory mask = 0700
[printers]
    comment = All Printers
    browseable = no
    path = /var/spool/samba
    printable = yes
;   guest ok = no
;   read only = yes
    create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
    comment = Printer Drivers
    path = /var/lib/samba/printers
;   browseable = yes
;   read only = yes
;   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.
;[cdrom]
;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
;   read only = yes
;   locking = no
;   path = /cdrom
;   guest ok = yes

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the
#   cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain
#   an entry like this:
#
#       /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0
#
# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the
#
# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD
#   is mounted on /cdrom
#
;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

[mail]
    path = /home/frigate/mail
    writable = yes
    browseable = yes


[thunderbird]
    path = /home/frigate/Desktop/thunderbird
    writable = yes
    browseable = yes

Answer 1

首先确保您是 root 用户，因此打开终端并输入。请注意，这是我的服务器，您的服务器将使用不同的名称，但操作将是相同的。

geoff*testserver:-$ sudo passwd root
 [sudo] password for geoff:
 Enter new unix password:
 Retype new unix password:
 passwd: password updated successfully
 geoff*testserver:-$

好的，你现在可以以 root 用户身份进行控制。现在你需要给服务器一个静态 IP 地址，因此输入

geoff*testserver:-$ su
Password:

root*testserver:/home/geoff* ifconfig         (this will show all the nics)

因此请记下广播号码和网络掩码号码，现在我们将设置静态 IP 地址。

root*testserver:/home/geoff* vi /etc/network/interfaces

你现在要寻找的是iface eth0 inet dchp

按下键盘上的 INSERT 键并将 dchp 更改为 static，然后添加详细信息，以便您的脚本看起来像这样。

iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.10
 netmask 255.255.255.0
 network 192.168.0.0
 broadcast 192.168.1.255
 gateway 192.168.1.1

完成后，按 Esc 键，输入:wq以下内容并保存脚本。现在，您将重新启动网络类型

root*testserver: /home/geoff* /etc/init.d/networking restart

现在通过执行更新来查看一切是否正常，因此输入

root*testserver: /home/geoff* apt-get update

您应该看到很多行数据，滚动屏幕，这将确认您已配置网络，并且可以接收更新。如果您只收到错误，则需要返回并修复它，尝试不同的网关。好的，到目前为止一切都很好。下一步安装

root*testserver: /home/geoff* apt-get install openssh-server samba smbclient cifs-utils ntp ntpdate

单击y安装现在我们将创建共享目录

root*testserver:/home/geoff* cd
 root*testserver:# mkdir /files

现在我们可以制作文件夹了，我将制作两个

root*testserver:# mkdir /files/public
root=testserver:# mkdir /files/geoff

现在我们让它们可用，因此输入

 root*testserver:# chmod 777 /files/public
 root=testserver:# chmod 777 /files/geoff

对你创建的每个文件夹都执行此操作

所以下一部分我们将编辑 samba，这很重要，所以要小心

root*testserver:# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

当我们完成编辑后，您现在将进入 samba 配置文件，您的文件将在您的网络上向所有人显示。

向下滚动到工作组设置并将其编辑为您的网络名称，这对 Windows 机器很重要，我已将我的设置为黑鸟

不要忘记按下键盘上的 INSERT 键，这样您就可以编辑文件。确定，向下滚动并从“wins support”中删除井号标签，然后将值从否更改为是。

向下滚动并从“解析名称顺序”中删除分号

向下滚动并删除“security = user”中的哈希标签

然后再次向下滚动到底部，直到无法再继续，然后输入以下内容，以便我们可以启用共享文件夹

[ Geoff's files]
 comment = Geoff's files
 path = /files/geoff
 browseable = yes
 read only = no
[ Public files]
 comment = Public files
 path = /files/public
 browseable = yes
 read only = no

现在按下键盘上的退出键，:wq输入此内容并保存您的编辑。

现在我们将添加一个 Samba 密码，有些计算机会要求输入此密码，

root*testserver:# smbpasswd -a geoff
 New SMB password
 Retype new SMB password:

好的，现在一切都完成了，重新启动您的服务器，您的文件夹将对网络上的所有人都可见，请注意这是 LINUX，其中空格和大小写都很重要，祝你好运。

Answer 2

我必须为我的用户添加 Samba 密码，然后才能进入并访问 PC 所宣传的任何共享：

smbpasswd -a [username]

即使您已设置security = user，默认情况下 Samba 不会检查您的系统密码文件。

Answer 3

看着你的smb.conf条目，我首先想到的是域您有以下部分：

    domain logons = yes
    domain master = yes
;   local master = yes
    preferred master = yes
    os level = 64

这表明您已将 Samba 配置为充当主域控制器 (PDC)。除非您正在运行一组需要资源控制的 Windows 计算机（可能性很小），否则不需要这样做。您可以通过;在我列出的每行开头插入分号来禁用该功能，就像 中已经有一个分号一样; local master = yes。您需要sudo通过打开终端会话并使用 来以特权编辑文件sudo pico /etc/samba/smb.conf。（我更喜欢pico在大多数命令行文本编辑中使用它，但您可以使用您喜欢的编辑器。）完成并保存更改后，发出命令sudo service samba restart让 Samba 重新启动并加载更改后的配置。

Answer 4

如果您的 SMB 服务器较旧（例如 Win Server 2003），而您的 Ubuntu 足够新（18），则可能必须添加vers=1.0挂载选项。我从 Ubuntu 16 升级到 18，发现如果不明确添加该挂载选项，我的旧 SMB 共享将无法挂载。