这是我的情况：我通过 deb 包“强制”安装了一个名为 的程序ipe；原因是ipe依赖于，但是我已经通过texlive-latex-base维护了 的单独安装。但是，这种 的安装没有问题，只要我记得从终端运行它，这对我来说很好。latextlmgripe
问题是，这个破坏的依赖关系现在不允许我安装完全不相关的软件包 - 在本例中是dropbox：
$ sudo apt-get install dropbox
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
ipe : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
现在，如果我尝试-f install，它将尝试修复ipe安装，这就是我所做的不是想。
事实证明，aptitude它似乎可以提供一种忽略/跳过这种依赖关系的方法：
$ sudo aptitude install dropbox
The following NEW packages will be installed:
dropbox
The following partially installed packages will be configured:
ipe{b}
0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 93,0 kB of archives. After unpacking 410 kB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
ipe: Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Remove the following packages:
1) ipe
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] 1
Action "1": Removing ipe
Package: ipe
State: unpacked
Automatically installed: no
Version: 7.0.10-2
Priority: optional
...
This action was selected because ipe depends upon texlive-latex-base.
Enter "r 1" to prevent this action from appearing in new solutions.
Enter "a 1" to require that new solutions include this action if possible.
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] r 1
Rejecting the removal of ipe
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Remove the following packages:
1) R ipe
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y
The following NEW packages will be installed:
dropbox
The following packages will be REMOVED:
ipe{a}
0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 1 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 93,0 kB of archives. After unpacking 5.034 kB will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] n
Abort.
奇怪的是：即使我指定r 1- 并且程序实际上用“ Rejecting the removal of ipe”确认 - 我仍然The following packages will be REMOVED最后得到“ ”，这就是我具体做的不是想做什么？（顺便说一句，我也尝试过a 1，最终结果完全相同，“...将被删除”，尽管这是我期望该选择的操作）。
我哪里做错了？我误解了他们所说的“新解决方案”吗？有没有办法让 apt/aptitude 系统知道，我宁愿它忽略（在本例中）未满足的依赖关系ipe？
答案1
编辑：好的，如下所示，“拒绝删除......”功能aptitude不起作用 - 但这对我来说确实有效......
例如，在查找时Package: ipe，可能会找到如下文件：
$ grep -r 'Package: ipe' /var/lib/apt/lists/
...
/var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_universe_binary-i386_Packages:Package: ipe
...
/var/lib/apt/lists/old-releases.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_universe_binary-i386_Packages:Package: ipe
...
...然而，这些都是不正确的 - 显然，等的运行时信息apt-get存储在/var/lib/dpkg/status（通过尝试更新时，如何修复“MergeList 存在问题”或“无法解析状态文件”错误？）。
因此，我通过 打开该文件sudo nano /var/lib/dpkg/status，查找“Package: ipe”，然后尝试注释texlive-latex-base“Depends:”部分 - 首先将其放在单独的行中，然后用数字符号/井号注释它#。请注意，这确实不是工作——首先你会得到如下错误：
dpkg: error: parsing file '/var/lib/dpkg/status' near line 8140 package 'ipe':
field name `#,' must be followed by colon
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)
...然后如果您尝试添加冒号，如#:，您将得到：
dpkg: error: parsing file '/var/lib/dpkg/status' near line 8141 package 'ipe':
user-defined field name `#' too short
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)
显然，这些文件没有使用注释；它们似乎记录在Debian 政策手册 - 控制文件及其字段.然后我发现：
#353040 - [DPKG-DEB] 不要对 DEBIAN/control 中的用户定义字段太过关心 - Debian 错误报告日志
在 .deb 中包含字段的正确方法是使用名为“XB-*”的字段。
...所以，基本上，我没有使用注释字符来“注释掉” - 而是使用了一个用户定义的字段，我任意称之为XB-Ignore:;所以那部分/var/lib/dpkg/status最终看起来像这样：
Package: ipe
...
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4), libcairo2 (>= 1.2.4), libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libipe7.0.10, liblua5.1-0, libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.6.$
XB-Ignore: , texlive-latex-base, gsfonts
...
保存此更改后，我可以直接使用以下命令执行安装apt-get，不会出现问题：
$ sudo apt-get install dropbox
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
python-gpgme
The following NEW packages will be installed:
dropbox
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/93,0 kB of archives.
After this operation, 410 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously deselected package dropbox.
...
Setting up dropbox (1.6.1) ...
Processing triggers for menu ...
我只想指出，这/var/lib/dpkg/status不是一个持久文件 - 事实上，就在之后apt-get install，如果您再次检查该文件，Depends:和XB-Ignore:将不再位于相邻的行上（因为它们原来是这样的，如上面的代码片段所示）！
虽然忽略未满足的依赖关系的问题仍然悬而未决，但事实证明我做过aptitude误解了这些“新解决方案”的含义：如果您对“是否接受此解决方案？”问题回答“否”，则这些新解决方案就是您可选择的方案：
...
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
ipe: Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Remove the following packages:
1) ipe
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] r 1
Rejecting the removal of ipe
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Remove the following packages:
1) R ipe
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n # <==== here not accepting above solution
The following actions will resolve these dependencies: # <==== new solution offered here:
Install the following packages:
1) lmodern [2.004.1-3 (natty)]
2) luatex [0.65.0-1ubuntu3 (natty)]
3) tex-common [2.09 (natty)]
4) texlive-base [2009-11 (natty)]
5) texlive-binaries [2009-8ubuntu2 (natty)]
6) texlive-common [2009-11 (natty)]
7) texlive-doc-base [2009-2 (natty)]
8) texlive-latex-base [2009-11 (natty)]
9) texlive-latex-base-doc [2009-11 (natty)]
10) texlive-luatex [2009-11 (natty)]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] r 1
Rejecting the installation of lmodern version 2.004.1-3 (natty)
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Install the following packages:
1) R lmodern [2.004.1-3 (natty)]
2) luatex [0.65.0-1ubuntu3 (natty)]
...
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] r 10
Rejecting the installation of texlive-luatex version 2009-11 (natty)
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Install the following packages:
1) R lmodern [2.004.1-3 (natty)]
2) R luatex [0.65.0-1ubuntu3 (natty)]
3) R tex-common [2.09 (natty)]
4) R texlive-base [2009-11 (natty)]
5) R texlive-binaries [2009-8ubuntu2 (natty)]
6) R texlive-common [2009-11 (natty)]
7) R texlive-doc-base [2009-2 (natty)]
8) R texlive-latex-base [2009-11 (natty)]
9) R texlive-latex-base-doc [2009-11 (natty)]
10) R texlive-luatex [2009-11 (natty)]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n
*** No more solutions available ***
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Install the following packages:
1) R lmodern [2.004.1-3 (natty)]
2) R luatex [0.65.0-1ubuntu3 (natty)]
3) R tex-common [2.09 (natty)]
4) R texlive-base [2009-11 (natty)]
5) R texlive-binaries [2009-8ubuntu2 (natty)]
6) R texlive-common [2009-11 (natty)]
7) R texlive-doc-base [2009-2 (natty)]
8) R texlive-latex-base [2009-11 (natty)]
9) R texlive-latex-base-doc [2009-11 (natty)]
10) R texlive-luatex [2009-11 (natty)]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y
The following NEW packages will be installed:
dropbox lmodern{a} luatex{a} tex-common{a} texlive-base{a} texlive-binaries{a} texlive-common{a}
texlive-doc-base{a} texlive-latex-base{a} texlive-latex-base-doc{a} texlive-luatex{a}
The following partially installed packages will be configured:
ipe
0 packages upgraded, 11 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 87,4 MB of archives. After unpacking 181 MB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] n
Abort.
所以是的 - 如果我继续拒绝所有解决方案，最后我会得到“*** 没有更多可用的解决方案 ***”，并且aptitude可以采用这些解决方案，或者中止 - 但不幸的是不能用这种技术忽略它们......