重新安装Grub：
首先尝试了下面的方法。
将启动修复添加到存储库
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair
安装完成后，在终端上输入以下命令运行引导修复，或者通过系统 → 管理 → 引导修复选择它。
boot-repair
我刚刚尝试了上述方法，但它仍然回到 grub 救援提示。我已经使用 live CD 启动了机器，并使用终端卸载驱动器然后重新安装它，尝试重新安装 Grub 2。没有变化。这一切都始于我对 Ubuntu 进行每日更新时。它要求我重新启动，然后进入 grub 救援。我的主要问题是笔记本电脑上没有其他操作系统。我试图在其上安装 mint，但失败了，尝试修复安装，失败了。为此，我已经连续工作了至少 24 小时。我受够了。
任何建议都将不胜感激。
Boot Info Script e7fc706 + Boot-Repair extra info [Boot-Info 23Dec2013]
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of
the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
in partition 94 for .
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 13.10
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab
/boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: Extended Partition
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sda5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: swap
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2,048 970,498,047 970,496,000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 970,500,094 976,771,071 6,270,978 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 970,500,096 976,771,071 6,270,976 82 Linux swap / Solaris
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/loop0 squashfs
/dev/sda1 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001 ext4
/dev/sda5 6ea1bfcc-32d4-4dd7-933f-2212b03fc6a7 swap
/dev/sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu-GNOME 13.10 i386
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime)
/dev/sr0 /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime)
=========================== sda1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
set default="0"
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
font=unicode
else
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
fi
font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi
if loadfont $font ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
set timeout=10
else
set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 45,51,53; then
clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
set gfxpayload="${1}"
if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
else
set vt_handoff=
fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic root=UUID=1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.11.0-12-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.11.0-12-generic-advanced-1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.11.0-12-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic root=UUID=1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.11.0-12-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.11.0-12-generic-recovery-1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.11.0-12-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic root=UUID=1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001 ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
fi
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001
fi
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=============================== sda1/etc/fstab: ================================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=6ea1bfcc-32d4-4dd7-933f-2212b03fc6a7 none swap sw 0 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sda1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
cat: /tmp/BootInfo-aJQfGocR/Tmp_Log: No such file or directory
File descriptor 9 (/proc/5945/mounts) leaked on lvscan invocation. Parent PID 13205: bash
No volume groups found
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION :
=================== log of boot-repair 2014-02-18__23h59 ===================
boot-repair version : 3.199~ppa40~saucy
boot-sav version : 3.199~ppa40~saucy
glade2script version : 3.2.2~ppa47~saucy
boot-sav-extra version : 3.199~ppa40~saucy
boot-repair is executed in live-session (Ubuntu 13.10, saucy, Ubuntu, i686)
ls: cannot access /home/usr/.config: No such file or directory
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit
file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-gnome.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash -- maybe-ubiquity
=================== os-prober:
/dev/sda1:Ubuntu 13.10 (13.10):Ubuntu:linux
=================== blkid:
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sr0: LABEL="Ubuntu-GNOME 13.10 i386" TYPE="iso9660"
/dev/sda1: UUID="1d5bd5d8-4e90-43ae-95cf-91e881c25001" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda5: UUID="6ea1bfcc-32d4-4dd7-933f-2212b03fc6a7" TYPE="swap"
1 disks with OS, 1 OS : 1 Linux, 0 MacOS, 0 Windows, 0 unknown type OS.
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary.
DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently.
=================== sda1/etc/grub.d/ :
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 17 00:52 grub.d
total 72
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7850 Oct 10 17:53 00_header
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5949 Aug 15 2013 05_debian_theme
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11479 Oct 10 17:53 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10258 Oct 10 17:53 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1798 Jun 17 2013 20_memtest86+
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11531 Oct 10 17:53 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1426 Oct 10 17:53 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Oct 10 17:53 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 216 Oct 10 17:53 41_custom
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Oct 10 17:53 README
=================== sda1/etc/default/grub :
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console
# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
=================== UEFI/Legacy mode:
This live-session is not EFI-compatible.
SecureBoot maybe enabled.
=================== PARTITIONS & DISKS:
sda1 : sda, not-sepboot, grubenv-ok grub2, grub-pc , update-grub, 32, with-boot, is-os, not--efi--part, fstab-without-boot, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, apt-get, grub-install, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, /mnt/boot-sav/sda1.
sda : not-GPT, BIOSboot-not-needed, has-no-EFIpart, not-usb, has-os, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
=================== parted -l:
Model: ATA ST9500420ASG (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 497GB 497GB primary ext4 boot
2 497GB 500GB 3211MB extended
5 497GB 500GB 3211MB logical linux-swap(v1)
Model: MATSHITA DVD-RAM UJ-840S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sr0: 4700MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 131kB 3674MB 3674MB primary boot, hidden
=================== parted -lm:
BYT;
/dev/sda:500GB:scsi:512:512:msdos:ATA ST9500420ASG;
1:1049kB:497GB:497GB:ext4::boot;
2:497GB:500GB:3211MB:::;
5:497GB:500GB:3211MB:linux-swap(v1)::;
BYT;
/dev/sr0:4700MB:scsi:2048:2048:msdos:MATSHITA DVD-RAM UJ-840S;
1:131kB:3674MB:3674MB:::boot, hidden;
=================== mount:
/cow on / type overlayfs (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
/dev/sr0 on /cdrom type iso9660 (ro,noatime)
/dev/loop0 on /rofs type squashfs (ro,noatime)
none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw)
none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)
none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw)
systemd on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/999/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=ubuntu-gnome)
/dev/sda1 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 type ext4 (rw)
=================== ls:
/sys/block/sda (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 sda5 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent
/sys/block/sr0 (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent
/dev (filtered): agpgart autofs block bsg btrfs-control bus cdrom char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency disk dri ecryptfs fb0 fd full fuse fw0 hpet input kmsg log lp0 mapper mcelog mem net network_latency network_throughput null parport0 port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sda2 sda5 sg0 sg1 shm snapshot snd sr0 stderr stdin stdout tpm0 uinput urandom vga_arbiter vhost-net zero
ls /dev/mapper: control
=================== df -Th:
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/cow overlayfs 1.5G 188M 1.3G 13% /
udev devtmpfs 1.5G 12K 1.5G 1% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 303M 1.1M 302M 1% /run
/dev/sr0 iso9660 876M 876M 0 100% /cdrom
/dev/loop0 squashfs 843M 843M 0 100% /rofs
none tmpfs 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs tmpfs 1.5G 28K 1.5G 1% /tmp
none tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
none tmpfs 1.5G 84K 1.5G 1% /run/shm
none tmpfs 100M 28K 100M 1% /run/user
/dev/sda1 ext4 456G 3.1G 430G 1% /mnt/boot-sav/sda1
=================== fdisk -l:
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00036ad0
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 970498047 485248000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 970500094 976771071 3135489 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 970500096 976771071 3135488 82 Linux swap / Solaris
=================== Recommended repair
Recommended-Repair
This setting will reinstall the grub2 of sda1 into the MBR of sda.
Additional repair will be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s
Unhide GRUB boot menu in sda1/etc/default/grub
*******lspci -nnk | grep -iA3 vga
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:27a2] (rev 03)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device [103c:30aa]
Kernel driver in use: i915
00:02.1 Display controller [0380]: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:27a6] (rev 03)
*******
grub-install (GRUB) 2.00-19ubuntu2,grub-install (GRUB) 2.
Reinstall the GRUB of sda1 into the MBR of sda
Installation finished. No error reported.
grub-install /dev/sda: exit code of grub-install /dev/sda:0
chroot /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 update-grub
Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Unhide GRUB boot menu in sda1/boot/grub/grub.cfg
Boot successfully repaired.
答案1
这就是我所做的
1）使用 Live CD 启动
2）打开终端并输入sudo fdisk -l确定 Ubuntu 安装分区的命令，在你的情况下是/dev/sda1
3）挂载包含 Ubuntu 安装的分区。
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
4）运行grub 安装命令
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda
5）重启
6）使用以下命令刷新 GRUB 菜单sudo update-grub