我已阅读过类似的问题/指南：
关于 AU 的类似问题 -安装最新版本的 R-base
CRAN 提供的有关在 Ubuntu 上更新的指南 -http://cran.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu/README
我猜想他们给出的说明中有一些我遗漏的一般假设，因为我最终迷失了方向。
问题 1:
我正在运行 12.04，因此根据 CRAN 的指南，我应该
deb http://cran.rstudio.com/bin/linux/ubuntu quantal/
可以吗/etc/apt/sources.list？它可以放在任何空行上吗？还是我需要遵循一定的顺序？
问题2：
当我按照 CRAN 指南中的下一步操作时，我会进行更新和安装。我按照我理解的指南进行操作，但袜子里有“蓟”。我不知道出了什么问题。当我加载到 R 时，我仍然加载到 2.14。
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXx:~$ sudo apt-get update
Ign http://cran.cnr.Berkeley.edu quantal/ Release.gpg
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg [198 B]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release.gpg [198 B]
Ign http://cran.cnr.Berkeley.edu quantal/ Release
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release [49.6 kB]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Sources
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted Sources
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Sources
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse Sources
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe i386 Packages
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release [49.6 kB]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main TranslationIndex
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse TranslationIndex
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted TranslationIndex
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe TranslationIndex
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main amd64 Packages
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted TranslationIndex
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Translation-en
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe TranslationIndex
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Sources [454 kB]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main TranslationIndex
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Sources [8,028 B]
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Sources [106 kB]
Err http://cran.cnr.Berkeley.edu quantal/ Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Sources
404 Not Found
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://cran.cnr.Berkeley.edu quantal/ Translation-en_US
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://cran.cnr.Berkeley.edu quantal/ Translation-en
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Sources [8,909 B]
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main amd64 Packages [764 kB]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net precise/main Translation-en
Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [12.2 kB]
Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe amd64 Packages [239 kB]
Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [15.3 kB]
Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main i386 Packages [788 kB]
Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted i386 Packages [12.2 kB]
Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe i386 Packages [244 kB]
Get:16 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [15.4 kB]
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe TranslationIndex
Get:17 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Sources [4,850 B]
Get:18 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Sources [14 B]
Get:19 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Sources [37.8 kB]
Get:20 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Sources [5,311 B]
Get:21 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main amd64 Packages [6,183 B]
Get:22 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted amd64 Packages [14 B]
Get:23 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe amd64 Packages [39.2 kB]
Get:24 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages [5,206 B]
Get:25 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main i386 Packages [6,182 B]
Get:26 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted i386 Packages [14 B]
Get:27 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe i386 Packages [39.0 kB]
Get:28 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse i386 Packages [5,178 B]
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Translation-en
Fetched 2,916 kB in 21s (135 kB/s)
W: Failed to fetch http://cran.cnr.Berkeley.edu/CRAN/bin/linux/ubuntu/quantal/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-daily/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-daily/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-daily/ppa/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx:~$ sudo apt-get install r-base
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
r-base is already the newest version.
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
efibootmgr gir1.2-ubuntuoneui-3.0 libubuntuoneui-3.0-1
thunderbird-globalmenu
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
答案1
看来我的第一个问题的答案是肯定的，只需将该行放在文档中的任何位置即可。
虽然我不太清楚它是如何工作的，但按照
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16093331/how-to-install-r-version-3-0对我有用。
然后，我在使依赖包正常工作时遇到了问题，您可以阅读以下内容： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23047700/trouble-installing-shiny-dependencies-on-ubtuntu-12-04-to-host-apps-on-shiny-ser