自从我从 ubuntu 13.04 升级到 14.04（以及 13.10 之前）后，当内存满了，我的系统就崩溃了，必须开始交换。
当然我知道性能会受到影响，但这太过分了……甚至指针都停止工作了几秒钟，有一次我不得不手动重启笔记本电脑（我无法使用 ALT+Fx 切换到控制台来终止某些进程）。这通常发生在我使用 Google Chrome 时，当我打开过多的标签并且正在运行其他几个应用程序时，我仍然希望 Linux 的表现会比这好得多，我认为这从 13.10 和 14.04 开始发生。
我正在使用“系统负载指示器”（由 Hofmann 开发），当内存已满时，CPU 负载会达到 100%，如果我不立即启动以关闭东西，则混乱是不可避免的。
这是我的笔记本硬件规格：
lenovou310
description: Laptop
product: IdeaPad U310 (System SKUNumber)
vendor: LENOVO
version: Lenovo U310
serial: QTF0E423807536
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 vsyscall32
configuration: administrator_password=unknown boot=normal chassis=laptop family=IDEAPAD U310 frontpanel_password=unknown keyboard_password=unknown power-on_password=unknown sku=System SKUNumber uuid=0062E5DD-80C0-047A-BBC8-089E0131C789
*-core
description: Motherboard
product: Lenovo
vendor: LENOVO
physical id: 0
version: Lenovo U310
serial: QB06137476
slot: Part Component
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: LENOVO
physical id: 5
version: 65CN15WW
date: 06/05/2012
size: 128KiB
capacity: 6592KiB
capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video pc98 acpi usb biosbootspecification netboot uefi
*-cpu
description: CPU
product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3317U CPU @ 1.70GHz
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 0
bus info: cpu@0
version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3317U CPU @ 1.70GHz
serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
slot: CPU Socket - U3E1
size: 782MHz
capacity: 782MHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 100MHz
capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase smep erms cpufreq
configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=4
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: 2
slot: L1-Cache
size: 32KiB
capacity: 32KiB
capabilities: internal write-through instruction
*-cache:1
description: L2 cache
physical id: 3
slot: L2-Cache
size: 256KiB
capacity: 256KiB
capabilities: internal write-through unified
*-cache:2
description: L3 cache
physical id: 4
slot: L3-Cache
size: 3MiB
capacity: 3MiB
capabilities: internal write-back unified
*-cache
description: L1 cache
physical id: 1
slot: L1-Cache
size: 32KiB
capacity: 32KiB
capabilities: internal write-through data
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 36
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 4GiB
*-bank:0
description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0,6 ns)
product: SHARETRONIC
vendor: 0000
physical id: 0
serial: EDD60803
slot: ChannelA-DIMM0
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM [empty]
physical id: 1
slot: ChannelB-DIMM0
*-pci
description: Host bridge
product: 3rd Gen Core processor DRAM Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: 09
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 09
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:45 memory:f0000000-f03fffff memory:e0000000-efffffff ioport:3000(size=64)
*-usb:0
description: USB controller
product: 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI Host Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 14
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.0
version: 04
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi xhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:40 memory:f0600000-f060ffff
*-communication
description: Communication controller
product: 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 16
bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0
version: 04
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=mei_me latency=0
resources: irq:43 memory:f0615000-f061500f
*-usb:1
description: USB controller
product: 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1a
bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0
version: 04
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:f0619000-f06193ff
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1b
bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0
version: 04
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
resources: irq:46 memory:f0610000-f0613fff
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0
version: c4
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:16
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1
version: c4
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:17 ioport:2000(size=4096) ioport:f0400000(size=1048576)
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
logical name: eth0
version: 05
serial: 08:9e:01:31:c7:89
size: 10Mbit/s
capacity: 100Mbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half firmware=rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s
resources: irq:41 ioport:2000(size=256) memory:f0404000-f0404fff memory:f0400000-f0403fff
*-pci:2
description: PCI bridge
product: 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.2
version: c4
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:18 memory:f0500000-f05fffff
*-network
description: Wireless interface
product: Centrino Wireless-N 2200
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
logical name: wlan0
version: c4
serial: 9c:4e:36:74:fc:9c
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=3.13.0-29-generic firmware=18.168.6.1 ip=192.168.1.126 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn
resources: irq:44 memory:f0500000-f0501fff
*-usb:2
description: USB controller
product: 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0
version: 04
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0
resources: irq:23 memory:f0618000-f06183ff
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: HM77 Express Chipset LPC Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0
version: 04
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0
resources: irq:0
*-storage
description: SATA controller
product: 7 Series Chipset Family 6-port SATA Controller [AHCI mode]
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
version: 04
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: storage msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ahci latency=0
resources: irq:42 ioport:3088(size=8) ioport:3094(size=4) ioport:3080(size=8) ioport:3090(size=4) ioport:3060(size=32) memory:f0617000-f06177ff
*-serial UNCLAIMED
description: SMBus
product: 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3
version: 04
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:f0614000-f06140ff ioport:efa0(size=32)
*-scsi:0
physical id: 2
logical name: scsi0
capabilities: emulated
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: SanDisk SSD U100
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: 10.5
serial: 123703305383
size: 22GiB (24GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 sectorsize=512 signature=a157f07e
*-volume:0
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sda1
logical name: /
version: 1.0
serial: 1d689f36-584e-43fa-9913-9fba14388fe6
size: 18GiB
capacity: 18GiB
capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2013-10-15 21:14:43 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2014-06-11 19:46:24 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2014-06-11 19:46:24 state=mounted
*-volume:1
description: Linux swap volume
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2
logical name: /dev/sda2
version: 1
serial: 08b19113-2637-4773-bd5a-f29e84f437d9
size: 3924MiB
capacity: 3924MiB
capabilities: primary nofs swap initialized
configuration: filesystem=swap pagesize=4096
*-scsi:1
physical id: 3
logical name: scsi1
capabilities: emulated
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: ST500LT012-9WS14
vendor: Seagate
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
version: 0001
serial: W0V201JA
size: 465GiB (500GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 sectorsize=4096 signature=a157f067
*-volume
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sdb1
logical name: /media/hdd2
version: 1.0
serial: 277ade7b-18eb-4b1c-9bc5-53c523e71eb1
size: 465GiB
capacity: 465GiB
capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2013-10-15 21:14:47 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/media/hdd2 modified=2014-06-11 19:46:26 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,data=ordered mounted=2014-06-11 19:46:26 state=mounted
*-battery
product: Smart Battery
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 1
version: 2008
serial: 1.0
slot: Rear
*-power UNCLAIMED
description: TBD by ODM
product: TBD by ODM
vendor: TBD by ODM
physical id: 2
version: 1.0
serial: TBD by ODM
capacity: 32768mWh
有没有什么方法可以诊断或解决这个问题？谢谢！
----- 编辑1 ------
好的，我会根据要求进行扩展，我设置了一个简单的批处理文件，每 2 秒记录一次系统使用情况：
#!/bin/bash
STAMP=$(date +"%H_%M_%S")
echo -e "** memory usage **\n" >> $STAMP
free -mh >> $STAMP
echo -e "\n** top 20 process by memory usage **\n" >> $STAMP
ps aux --sort -rss | cut -c-120 | head -n 20 >> $STAMP
echo -e "\n** top 10 process by cpu usage **\n" >> $STAMP
ps aux --sort -c | cut -c-110 | head -n 10 >> $STAMP
echo $STAMP
然后我每 2 秒运行一次并开始摆弄它..
这是我的系统在零时刻的快照，我打开了许多应用程序，但一切都很顺利：
** memory usage **
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3,7G 3,5G 221M 458M 49M 914M
-/+ buffers/cache: 2,6G 1,2G
Swap: 3,8G 321M 3,5G
** top 20 process by memory usage **
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
pablo 6649 0.0 7.7 885004 303968 ? Sl jun12 0:29 zeus command: server
pablo 12849 0.4 5.6 1143948 221364 ? Sl jun12 3:23 /usr/lib/thunderbird/thunderbird
pablo 6219 0.4 5.0 1320524 196468 ? Sl jun12 7:33 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=gpu-process --channel=
pablo 6606 0.0 4.2 448240 166980 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:00 zeus slave: test_helper
pablo 6578 0.0 4.0 430084 159872 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:02 zeus slave: test_environment
pablo 6581 0.0 3.8 478248 149860 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:02 zeus slave: development_environment
pablo 6599 0.0 3.8 479336 148716 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:00 zeus slave: prerake
pablo 6646 0.0 3.7 478248 148372 ? Ssl jun12 0:03 zeus runner: server
pablo 6183 0.7 3.7 1110824 148172 ? SLl jun12 12:44 /opt/google/chrome/chrome
pablo 2467 1.3 3.1 1747564 122460 ? Sl jun11 25:31 compiz
pablo 6573 0.0 3.0 361908 119024 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:01 zeus slave: default_bundle
pablo 6497 0.0 2.7 341316 106412 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:00 zeus slave: boot
pablo 21267 0.5 2.3 1065768 89972 ? Sl 02:34 0:06 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
pablo 21500 1.5 2.1 1057900 82376 ? Sl 02:46 0:06 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
pablo 21337 0.4 1.9 1053920 77052 ? Sl 02:38 0:04 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
pablo 21620 1.9 1.9 1049320 76592 ? Sl 02:50 0:03 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
pablo 21404 0.6 1.9 1051528 74452 ? Sl 02:41 0:04 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
root 1330 0.8 1.8 441088 72656 tty7 Ssl+ jun11 16:03 /usr/bin/X -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/
pablo 19127 0.0 1.7 1036788 70244 ? Sl jun12 0:07 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
** top 10 process by cpu usage **
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
pablo 21620 1.9 1.9 1049320 76592 ? Sl 02:50 0:03 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --l
pablo 21500 1.5 2.1 1057900 82376 ? Sl 02:46 0:06 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --l
pablo 2467 1.3 3.1 1747564 122460 ? Sl jun11 25:31 compiz
pablo 21211 1.1 1.5 1022532 59316 ? Sl 02:30 0:15 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --l
pablo 21379 1.0 0.6 802196 26116 ? Ssl 02:40 0:08 gvim snapshot
pablo 21285 0.9 0.6 969072 24564 ? Sl 02:34 0:10 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=ppapi --chan
pablo 21482 0.9 1.7 1039728 68976 ? Sl 02:45 0:04 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --l
root 1330 0.8 1.8 441088 72656 tty7 Ssl+ jun11 16:03 /usr/bin/X -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/ru
pablo 6183 0.7 3.7 1110824 148172 ? SLl jun12 12:44 /opt/google/chrome/chrome
这是我的系统在高负载下的快照，实际上打开了多个 chrome 标签，几乎没有响应：
** memory usage **
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3,7G 3,6G 155M 455M 17M 693M
-/+ buffers/cache: 2,9G 866M
Swap: 3,8G 347M 3,5G
** top 20 process by memory usage **
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
pablo 6649 0.0 7.6 885004 299060 ? Sl jun12 0:29 zeus command: server
pablo 21816 49.3 7.3 1215860 285332 ? Sl 02:53 0:13 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
pablo 6219 0.4 5.8 1336344 229096 ? Rl jun12 7:37 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=gpu-process --channel=
pablo 12849 0.4 5.6 1143948 221360 ? Sl jun12 3:23 /usr/lib/thunderbird/thunderbird
pablo 6606 0.0 4.2 448240 166936 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:00 zeus slave: test_helper
pablo 6578 0.0 4.0 430084 159872 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:02 zeus slave: test_environment
pablo 6581 0.0 3.8 478248 149860 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:02 zeus slave: development_environment
pablo 6183 0.8 3.8 1244608 148912 ? SLl jun12 12:54 /opt/google/chrome/chrome
pablo 6599 0.0 3.8 479336 148716 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:00 zeus slave: prerake
pablo 6646 0.0 3.7 478248 148372 ? Ssl jun12 0:03 zeus runner: server
pablo 2467 1.3 3.0 1747256 119924 ? Sl jun11 25:34 compiz
pablo 6573 0.0 3.0 361908 119024 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:01 zeus slave: default_bundle
pablo 6497 0.0 2.7 341316 106412 pts/24 Sl+ jun12 0:00 zeus slave: boot
pablo 21267 0.5 2.3 1065768 89972 ? Sl 02:34 0:06 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
pablo 21958 44.0 2.1 1051856 83236 ? Sl 02:53 0:02 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
pablo 21500 1.4 2.1 1057900 82364 ? Sl 02:46 0:06 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
pablo 21620 1.6 1.9 1049320 76504 ? Sl 02:50 0:03 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
pablo 21337 0.4 1.9 1049824 75236 ? Sl 02:38 0:04 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
pablo 21404 0.6 1.9 1051528 74320 ? Sl 02:41 0:04 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --lang=en-US
** top 10 process by cpu usage **
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
pablo 21816 49.3 7.3 1215860 285332 ? Sl 02:53 0:13 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --l
pablo 21958 44.0 2.1 1051860 83236 ? Sl 02:53 0:02 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --l
pablo 22012 25.0 1.0 988364 42900 ? Sl 02:53 0:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --l
pablo 21620 1.6 1.9 1049320 76504 ? Sl 02:50 0:03 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --l
pablo 21500 1.4 2.1 1057900 82364 ? Sl 02:46 0:06 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --l
pablo 2467 1.3 3.0 1747256 119924 ? Sl jun11 25:34 compiz
pablo 21211 1.0 1.5 1022532 59316 ? Sl 02:30 0:15 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --l
pablo 21379 1.0 0.6 802196 26116 ? Ssl 02:40 0:08 gvim snapshot
pablo 21285 0.9 0.7 979840 30956 ? Sl 02:34 0:11 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=ppapi --chan
为什么当内存开始变满时，chrome 会占用那么多 CPU？即使 chrome 是“罪魁祸首”，操作系统难道不应该在高负载下保持正常运行吗？