在长期未使用 Opensuse 后，我刚刚在富士通 Lifebook U772 上安装了 Ubuntu 14.04，安装后，似乎pm-suspend开箱即用。然而，经过几天的设置，挂起功能停止工作，菜单选项“挂起”只会导致屏幕短暂变黑，然后返回锁定屏幕。
我尝试使用终端手动暂停机器sudo pm-suspend，但仍然无济于事。我开始查看日志pm-suspend，/var/log/pm-suspend.log发现有些奇怪：
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/00logging suspend suspend:
Linux deathbook 3.13.0-30-generic #55-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 4 21:40:53 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Module Size Used by
vboxpci 23194 0
vboxnetflt 27613 0
vboxnetadp 25670 0
vboxdrv 339502 3 vboxnetadp,vboxnetflt,vboxpci
pci_stub 12622 1
ctr 13049 1
ccm 17773 1
bnep 19624 2
rfcomm 69160 0
bluetooth 395423 10 bnep,rfcomm
binfmt_misc 17468 1
nls_iso8859_1 12713 1
arc4 12608 2
iwldvm 232285 0
intel_rapl 18773 0
uvcvideo 80885 0
hid_generic 12548 0
x86_pkg_temp_thermal 14205 0
videobuf2_vmalloc 13216 1 uvcvideo
intel_powerclamp 14705 0
videobuf2_memops 13362 1 videobuf2_vmalloc
coretemp 13435 0
videobuf2_core 40664 1 uvcvideo
videodev 134688 2 uvcvideo,videobuf2_core
kvm_intel 143060 0
mac80211 626557 1 iwldvm
usbhid 52570 0
kvm 451511 1 kvm_intel
i2400m_usb 36521 0
hid 106148 2 hid_generic,usbhid
i2400m 107913 1 i2400m_usb
wimax 34704 1 i2400m
crct10dif_pclmul 14289 0
snd_hda_codec_hdmi 46207 1
crc32_pclmul 13113 0
ghash_clmulni_intel 13216 0
aesni_intel 55624 2
snd_hda_codec_realtek 61438 1
aes_x86_64 17131 1 aesni_intel
i915 783703 4
snd_hda_intel 52355 3
snd_hda_codec 192906 3 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel
lrw 13286 1 aesni_intel
iwlwifi 169932 1 iwldvm
snd_hwdep 13602 1 snd_hda_codec
snd_pcm 102099 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel
gf128mul 14951 1 lrw
drm_kms_helper 53081 1 i915
snd_page_alloc 18710 2 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel
snd_seq_midi 13324 0
glue_helper 13990 1 aesni_intel
drm 303102 5 i915,drm_kms_helper
cfg80211 484040 3 iwlwifi,mac80211,iwldvm
ablk_helper 13597 1 aesni_intel
snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi
cryptd 20359 3 ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel,ablk_helper
snd_rawmidi 30144 1 snd_seq_midi
i2c_algo_bit 13413 1 i915
snd_seq 61560 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi
snd_seq_device 14497 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi
snd_timer 29482 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq
mei_me 18627 0
mei 82276 1 mei_me
snd 69238 17 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_seq_midi
rtsx_pci_ms 18151 0
soundcore 12680 1 snd
memstick 16966 1 rtsx_pci_ms
joydev 17381 0
mac_hid 13205 0
lpc_ich 21080 0
fujitsu_laptop 18947 0
video 19476 1 i915
serio_raw 13462 0
parport_pc 32701 0
ppdev 17671 0
lp 17759 0
parport 42348 3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc
rtsx_pci_sdmmc 23274 0
e1000e 254433 0
psmouse 102222 0
ahci 25819 5
libahci 32168 1 ahci
rtsx_pci 45956 2 rtsx_pci_ms,rtsx_pci_sdmmc
ptp 18933 1 e1000e
pps_core 19382 1 ptp
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3905144 2586540 1318604 356556 6452 531508
-/+ buffers/cache: 2048580 1856564
Swap: 8190472 0 8190472
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/00logging suspend suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/00powersave suspend suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/00powersave suspend suspend: success.
Running hook /etc/pm/sleep.d/10_grub-common suspend suspend:
/etc/pm/sleep.d/10_grub-common suspend suspend: success.
Running hook /etc/pm/sleep.d/10_unattended-upgrades-hibernate suspend suspend:
/etc/pm/sleep.d/10_unattended-upgrades-hibernate suspend suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/50unload_alx suspend suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/50unload_alx suspend suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/60_wpa_supplicant suspend suspend:
Selected interface 'wlan0'
OK
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/60_wpa_supplicant suspend suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/75modules suspend suspend:
Unloading kernel module vboxdrv...Done.
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/75modules suspend suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/90clock suspend suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/90clock suspend suspend: not applicable.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/94cpufreq suspend suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/94cpufreq suspend suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95anacron suspend suspend:
stop: Unknown instance:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95anacron suspend suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95hdparm-apm suspend suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95hdparm-apm suspend suspend: not applicable.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95led suspend suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95led suspend suspend: not applicable.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/98video-quirk-db-handler suspend suspend:
Kernel modesetting video driver detected, not using quirks.
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/98video-quirk-db-handler suspend suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/99video suspend suspend:
kernel.acpi_video_flags = 0
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/99video suspend suspend: success.
Running hook /etc/pm/sleep.d/novatel_3g_suspend suspend suspend:
/etc/pm/sleep.d/novatel_3g_suspend suspend suspend: success.
Fri Jul 11 07:17:01 PHT 2014: performing suspend
sh: echo: I/O error
Fri Jul 11 07:17:03 PHT 2014: Awake.
Fri Jul 11 07:17:03 PHT 2014: Running hooks for resume
Running hook /etc/pm/sleep.d/novatel_3g_suspend resume suspend:
/etc/pm/sleep.d/novatel_3g_suspend resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/99video resume suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/99video resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/98video-quirk-db-handler resume suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/98video-quirk-db-handler resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95led resume suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95led resume suspend: not applicable.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95hdparm-apm resume suspend:
/dev/sda:
setting Advanced Power Management level to 0xfe (254)
APM_level = 254
/dev/sdb:
setting Advanced Power Management level to 0xfe (254)
APM_level = 254
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95hdparm-apm resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95anacron resume suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/95anacron resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/94cpufreq resume suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/94cpufreq resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/90clock resume suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/90clock resume suspend: not applicable.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/75modules resume suspend:
Reloaded unloaded modules.
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/75modules resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/60_wpa_supplicant resume suspend:
Selected interface 'wlan0'
OK
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/60_wpa_supplicant resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/50unload_alx resume suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/50unload_alx resume suspend: success.
Running hook /etc/pm/sleep.d/10_unattended-upgrades-hibernate resume suspend:
/etc/pm/sleep.d/10_unattended-upgrades-hibernate resume suspend: success.
Running hook /etc/pm/sleep.d/10_grub-common resume suspend:
/etc/pm/sleep.d/10_grub-common resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/00powersave resume suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/00powersave resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/00logging resume suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/00logging resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/000record-status resume suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/000record-status resume suspend: success.
Running hook /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/000kernel-change resume suspend:
/usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/000kernel-change resume suspend: success.
Fri Jul 11 07:17:04 PHT 2014: Finished.
更具体地说，它是沿着这些路线的（这是系统实际执行暂停的部分）：
Fri Jul 11 07:17:01 PHT 2014: performing suspend
sh: echo: I/O error
Fri Jul 11 07:17:03 PHT 2014: Awake.
Fri Jul 11 07:17:03 PHT 2014: Running hooks for resume
Running hook /etc/pm/sleep.d/novatel_3g_suspend resume suspend:
/etc/pm/sleep.d/novatel_3g_suspend resume suspend: success.
我认为这里奇怪的部分是sh: echo: I/O error每次系统挂起时都会出现的内容，如您所见，系统在错误发生后立即唤醒。
我尝试了很多解决方法，包括以下内容：
- 禁用 Virtualbox 的
vboxdrv模块，因为我读到它们有时会干扰主机暂停的能力 - 禁用所有可以唤醒系统的设备
/proc/acpi/wakeup errors=remount ro将选项 for/in替换/etc/fstab为errors=continue
尽管如此，问题仍然存在。这可能是内核的问题吗？当我还在使用 Opensuse 12.3 时，我被困在内核 3.7 中，而现在在 Ubuntu 14.04 中，我使用的是内核 3.13。不过我有点怀疑内核可能是问题所在，因为 3.13 是出厂时就有的，而且当时暂停功能仍然有效。
更新：
我发现导致 I/O 失败的回显的原因在 的第 321 行/usr/lib/pm-utils/pm-functions。我通过打开 的详细日志记录和调试pm-suspend并禁用所有钩子（通过将它们临时移动到另一个目录）来获得此信息。
这是有问题的行：
do_suspend() { echo -n "mem" >/sys/power/state; }
据我所知，这echo至关重要，因为它是处理挂起的内核低级函数之间的接口pm-suspend。现在的问题是为什么会在那一刻发生 I/O 错误。我将尝试在终端上手动执行该命令，看看是否仍会发生 I/O 错误。
答案1
好吧，我终于找到了这个问题的罪魁祸首，但首先，我要介绍一下背景：我忘了说我的笔记本电脑默认有一块混合硬盘。它是一块普通的 500GB 机械硬盘，辅以一块 24GB 的固态硬盘，Windows 8 以前用它来休眠，可能还用它来缓存东西。我以前在 OpenSUSE 中使用固态硬盘来存储我的根分区，直到它最终坏了（一路都是 I/O 错误），促使我将分区移动到硬盘上，同时安装 Ubuntu 14.04。
长话短说：我在待机时遇到的 I/O 错误是不知何故由于我的 SSD 故障导致的。
我修复这个问题的方法是删除 SSD 的块设备/dev。在我的例子中，我的 SSD 总是显示为/dev/sdb，所以我以 root 身份在终端中输入了以下内容（解决方案来自这篇有用的文章)：
# echo 1 > /sys/block/sdb/device/delete
确保将“sdb”替换为您认为有故障的设备。我之所以有它，是/dev/sdb因为正如我之前提到的，我的 SSD 总是先得到它。
每次全新启动时，“删除”都会重置，因此我所做的就是将这一行添加到我的 中/etc/rc.local，以确保/dev/sdb在启动时将其删除。这可能影响机器上插入可移动驱动器的启动，但对我来说，SSD 无论如何都是 HDD 的物理组成部分，因此/dev/sdb在 HDD 获得后它会自动获得块设备/dev/sda。
答案2
这里也有同样的问题：
sh: echo: I/O error在/var/log/pm-suspend.log14.04 (或者更确切地说是 Mint 17) 中。
不同的答案。我改用“su pm-hibernate”，它也会失败，并出现类似“任务冻结失败后……”的警告。然后执行“dmesg | less”并使用“/Freezing”搜索，会显示涉及“fuse”的堆栈跟踪。原因：Files/Nautilus/Nemo 中打开了网络安装。解决方法：在 GUI 中卸载。然后，改用 /etc/fstab 条目来安装网络驱动器。这样更可靠。
[122274.535148] Freezing user space processes ...
[122294.540137] Freezing of tasks failed after 20.009 seconds (1 tasks refusing to freeze, wq_busy=0):
[122294.540167] bash D ffff88022ec74480 0 6868 6825 0x00000004
[122294.540178] ffff88021e6ddb50 0000000000000082 ffff8800c8a9e000 ffff88021e6ddfd8
[122294.540180] 0000000000014480 0000000000014480 ffff8800c8a9e000 ffff88021f7c8660
[122294.540181] ffff880034813800 ffff88021e6ddb78 ffff88021f7c8740 ffff88021f7c8660
[122294.540183] Call Trace:
[122294.540188] [<ffffffff81723129>] schedule+0x29/0x70
[122294.540192] [<ffffffff812aaa95>] __fuse_request_send+0x115/0x280
[122294.540195] [<ffffffff810aafd0>] ? prepare_to_wait_event+0x100/0x100
[122294.540197] [<ffffffff812aac12>] fuse_request_send+0x12/0x20
答案3
导致此问题的最可能原因（对于阅读本文的人来说）是将 USB 记忆棒或 SD 卡连接到笔记本电脑（不一定已安装）。如果已安装，请卸载（I/O 错误意味着不太可能）。一旦您确定它没有安装，请将其移除并重试pm-suspend。
非常感谢@rey-balgs 分享他的研究（并为我省去了很多麻烦）。
答案4
我遇到了类似的问题，它是关于：swapoff
尝试运行：
sudo swapon -a