Ubuntu 发行版升级

Question

问题是do-release-upgrade和apt-get dist-upgrade都安装带有依赖项的软件包以及推荐的软件包。因此，您需要仅安装依赖项。

对于 apt-get dist-upgrade：

这个dist-upgrade过程很简单。默认情况下，apt-get 也会安装推荐的软件包（-s 仅模拟更改）：

$ sudo apt-get -s install bacula-client 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  bacula-common bacula-console bacula-fd bacula-traymonitor
Suggested packages:
  bacula-doc kde gnome-desktop-environment
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  bacula-client bacula-common bacula-console bacula-fd bacula-traymonitor

而该选项--no-install-recommends不安装推荐的软件包：

$ sudo apt-get -s --no-install-recommends install bacula-client 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  bacula-common bacula-console bacula-fd
Suggested packages:
  bacula-doc
Recommended packages:
bacula-traymonitor
  The following NEW packages will be installed:
bacula-client bacula-common bacula-console bacula-fd
  0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

因此如果您正在使用apt-get dist-upgrade，添加该--no-install-recommends选项就足够了。

对于 do-release-upgrade：

对于do-release-upgrade，做同样的事情有点棘手。但你仍然可以做到：你需要使用服务器模式，结合编辑文件/etc/apt/apt.conf。

$ man do-release-upgrade

-m MODE, --mode=MODE
          Run in a special upgrade mode. Currently "desktop" for regular upgrades of a desktop system and "server" for server systems are supported.

虽然这个手册页不是很有帮助，但使用-m server应该会导致不是安装推荐的软件包。相应的逻辑可以在第 677 行找到/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/DistUpgrade/DistUpgradeQuirks.py。

def ensure_recommends_are_installed_on_desktops(self):
    """ ensure that on a desktop install recommends are installed
        (LP: #759262)
    """
    import apt
    if not self.controller.serverMode:
        if not apt.apt_pkg.config.find_b("Apt::Install-Recommends"):
            msg = "Apt::Install-Recommends was disabled,"
            msg += " enabling it just for the upgrade"
            logging.warn(msg)
            apt.apt_pkg.config.set("Apt::Install-Recommends", "1")

因此，您需要做的就是禁用推荐的软件包。您可以通过添加或编辑/etc/apt/apt.conf包含以下内容的文件来执行此操作

// Recommends are as of now still abused in many packages
APT::Install-Recommends "0";
APT::Install-Suggests "0";

然后运行apt-get update以确保无误。

Answer 1