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我如何重新运行引导加载程序？

tag-icon • tag-icon boot grub2 apt kernel bootloader
我如何重新运行引导加载程序？

Runningsudo apt-get -f install说道The link /vmlinuz.old is a damaged link：

you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]

以下是完整输出：

user@chrubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-headers-3.13.0-32 linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic
  linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
user@chrubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  linux-headers-3.13.0-32 linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic
  linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 270 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
    LANGUAGE = "en
en",
    LC_ALL = (unset),
    LC_TIME = "en",
    LC_MONETARY = "en",
    LC_ADDRESS = "en",
    LC_TELEPHONE = "en",
    LC_NAME = "en",
    LC_MEASUREMENT = "en",
    LC_IDENTIFICATION = "en",
    LC_NUMERIC = "en",
    LC_PAPER = "en",
    LANG = (unset)
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
(Reading database ... 232120 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Removing linux-headers-3.13.0-32 (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Removing linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-32-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
The link /initrd.img.old is a damaged link
Removing symbolic link initrd.img.old 
 you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]
Removing linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-32-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
The link /vmlinuz.old is a damaged link
Removing symbolic link vmlinuz.old 
 you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]
user@chrubuntu:~$

我如何重新运行引导加载程序？

答案1

根据womble 的回答到内核卸载后 /vmlinuz 和 /initrd.img 符号链接损坏（在服务器故障)，当您的引导加载程序是 GRUB/GRUB2 时（这里就是），您无需执行任何操作。

对于其他一些引导加载程序（至少莉萝)，有时显然需要手动运行引导加载程序的配置。

如果你做过需要告诉 GRUB 检查现有内核并更新其配置，运行sudo update-grub即可。运行它并没有什么坏处。但在这种情况下，它不应该是必要的。

答案2

如果是 grub 的话，错误有点奇怪。

当 apt 安装新内核版本时，它会将 /vmlinuz 和 /initrd.img 移动到 /vmlinuz.old 和 /initrd.img.old（它们仍然指向当前活动的内核。再次注意 .old 扩展名，它与“内核卸载后损坏的链接”中链接的故事不同）并创建两个新文件 /vmlinuz /initrd.img。

当您运行apt-get autoremove（消息不是由生成的apt-get -f install）时，它会删除以前活动的内核（您在安装之后重新启动，然后运行自动删除，对吗？），这会使链接无效。

当内核本身的删除完成后，autoremove 本身会调用 update-grub：

run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic

因此：

The link /vmlinuz.old is a damaged link
Removing symbolic link vmlinuz.old 
 you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]

因此，autoremove 会执行以下操作：

  1. 删除旧内核
  2. 运行更新-grub
  3. update-grub 删除链接到已删除文件的 .old 文件。

完全不用担心 ：-）

问候。

答案3

$ sudo update-grub

如果你想删除/清除旧包你也可以这样做

$ dpkg --list |grep "^rc" | cut -d " " -f 3 | xargs sudo dpkg --purge

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