由 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 安装程序安装：
我已经在笔记本电脑上安装了 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 桌面，但由于我想通过台式电脑访问笔记本文件，因此我做出了一个错误的决定，即从根驱动器更改文件所有权和权限。
结果是现在我无法访问我的磁盘。我的笔记本有两个硬盘，一个闪存启动闪存驱动器足以容纳系统，另一个硬盘用于存储，我将其分成两个分区，/Home 和 /Var。
以下是带有磁盘信息输出的命令参考：
sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'!
The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 ? 6579571 1924427647 968924038+ 70 DiskSecure Multi-Boot
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda2 ? 1953251627 3771827541 909287957+ 43 Unknown
Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda3 ? 225735265 225735274 5 72 Unknown
Partition 3 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda4 ? 2642411520 2642463490 25945 0 Empty
Partition table entries are not in disk order
sudo cryptsetup -v luksDump /dev/sda1
Device /dev/sda1 is not a valid LUKS device.
Command failed with code 22: Device /dev/sda1 is not a valid LUKS device.
sudo cryptsetup -v luksDump /dev/sda2
Device /dev/sda1 is not a valid LUKS device.
Command failed with code 22: Device /dev/sda2 is not a valid LUKS device.
似乎还有 /dev/sda3 和 /dev/sda4，但这些分区什么都不包含，/sda3 有 5 个块，/sda4 有 25945 个块是空的。这一切都是通过 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 桌面安装完成的。
第 1 节 命令输出
sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.8
Caution: invalid main GPT header, but valid backup; regenerating main header
from backup!
Caution! After loading partitions, the CRC doesn't check out!
Warning! Main partition table CRC mismatch! Loaded backup partition table
instead of main partition table!
Warning! One or more CRCs don't match. You should repair the disk!
Partition table scan:
MBR: MBR only
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: damaged
Found valid MBR and corrupt GPT. Which do you want to use? (Using the
GPT MAY permit recovery of GPT data.)
1 - MBR
2 - GPT
3 - Create blank GPT
Your answer: 2
Disk /dev/sda: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB
Logical sector size 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 37C12505-96AB-4193-AD2F-A86ECEE7A8F9
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last uable sector is 1953525134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 3437 sectors (1.7 MiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 1054685183 502.9 GiB 8300
2 1054685184 1953523711 428.6 GiB 8300
第 2 节 命令输出
sudo lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk
|-sda1 8:1 0 811.6G 0 part
|-sda2 8:2 0 346.1G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 22.4G 0 disk
|-sdb1 8:17 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
|-sdb2 8:18 0 14G 0 part /
|-sdb3 8:19 0 7.8G 0 part [SWAP]
sudo parted -l
Model: ATA WDC WD10JPVT-08A (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 412B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 1000GB 1000GB ntfs
Model: ATA LITEONIT LSS-24L (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 24.0GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 538MB 537MB fat32 boot
2 538MB 15.6GB 15.1GB ext4
3 15.6GB 8398MB linux-swap(v1)
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0
has been opened read-only.
Error: /dev/sr0: unrecognised disk label
sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 gb, 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/tracks, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x2052474d
This doesn't look like a partition table
Probably you selected the wrong device.
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 ? 6579571 1924427647 968924038+ 70 DiskSecure Multi-Boot
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda2 ? 1953251627 3771827541 909287957+ 43 Unknown
Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda3 ? 225735265 225735274 5 72 Unknown
Partition 3 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda4 ? 2642411520 2642463490 25945 0 Empty
*在这种情况下，(/dev/sdb) 是我的系统启动驱动器，而 (/dev/sda) 是我尝试重新挂载的存储硬盘驱动器，并且它已被 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 安装程序设置为“DiskSecure Multi-Boot”。
现在，为什么“#lsblk”显示不同的大小（甚至大于磁盘驱动器的最大大小）？
我的启动硬盘 (/dev/sdb) 已使用 GPT 设置为启动驱动器。我还需要在我的非启动硬盘上设置 GPT 分区吗？
此外，如果“#parted -l”只能看到一个以 ntfs 形式跨越整个驱动器的分区，我该如何安装具有两个分区的存储驱动器？
第 3 节 命令输出
sudo blkid /dev/sda
/dev/sda: UUID="58DEF9CB30F761D5" TYPE="ntfs"
答案1
根据 的输出，您的 GPT 分区表已损坏gdisk。请使用以下命令将您的分区表备份到正常工作的驱动器上的文件中：
sudo sgdisk --backup=/path/to/backup.sgdisk /dev/sda
您需要将其存储在您有写入权限的地方，例如 USB 驱动器或主文件夹。如果您使用的是实时系统，您还应该将备份永久存储在另一个内部或外部驱动器上，因为实时系统通常会在关机时丢失所有更改。
然后，您可以放心地继续gdisk使用 的问题中的选项 2，即使用哪个分区表。它可能会恢复 GPT 备份并使一切恢复正常。然后，您可以尝试解决权限问题。