我尝试了多个不同的驱动器，nvidia-340，nvidia-331，nvidia-331-updates，nvidia-343，结果相同：
# optirun -vv --debug bash
[ 785.862681] [DEBUG]Reading file: /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf
[ 785.863474] [INFO]Configured driver: nvidia
[ 785.863827] [DEBUG]optirun version 3.2.1 starting...
[ 785.863890] [DEBUG]Active configuration:
[ 785.863929] [DEBUG] bumblebeed config file: /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf
[ 785.863970] [DEBUG] X display: :8
[ 785.864056] [DEBUG] LD_LIBRARY_PATH: /usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates:/usr/lib32/nvidia-331-updates
[ 785.864092] [DEBUG] Socket path: /var/run/bumblebee.socket
[ 785.864120] [DEBUG] Accel/display bridge: auto
[ 785.864148] [DEBUG] VGL Compression: proxy
[ 785.864175] [DEBUG] VGLrun extra options:
[ 785.864212] [DEBUG] Primus LD Path: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/primus:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/primus
[ 785.864329] [DEBUG]Using auto-detected bridge virtualgl
[ 785.878755] [INFO]Response: No - error: Could not load GPU driver
[ 785.878771] [ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU - error: Could not load GPU driver
[ 785.878775] [DEBUG]Socket closed.
[ 785.878790] [ERROR]Aborting because fallback start is disabled.
[ 785.878794] [DEBUG]Killing all remaining processes.
我的 Linux 内核
# uname -r
3.13.0-24-generic
Bumblebee.conf：
# cat /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf
# Configuration file for Bumblebee. Values should **not** be put between quotes
## Server options. Any change made in this section will need a server restart
# to take effect.
[bumblebeed]
# The secondary Xorg server DISPLAY number
VirtualDisplay=:8
# Should the unused Xorg server be kept running? Set this to true if waiting
# for X to be ready is too long and don't need power management at all.
KeepUnusedXServer=false
# The name of the Bumbleblee server group name (GID name)
ServerGroup=bumblebee
# Card power state at exit. Set to false if the card shoud be ON when Bumblebee
# server exits.
TurnCardOffAtExit=false
# The default behavior of '-f' option on optirun. If set to "true", '-f' will
# be ignored.
NoEcoModeOverride=false
# The Driver used by Bumblebee server. If this value is not set (or empty),
# auto-detection is performed. The available drivers are nvidia and nouveau
# (See also the driver-specific sections below)
Driver=nvidia
# Directory with a dummy config file to pass as a -configdir to secondary X
XorgConfDir=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.d
## Client options. Will take effect on the next optirun executed.
[optirun]
# Acceleration/ rendering bridge, possible values are auto, virtualgl and
# primus.
Bridge=auto
# The method used for VirtualGL to transport frames between X servers.
# Possible values are proxy, jpeg, rgb, xv and yuv.
VGLTransport=proxy
# List of paths which are searched for the primus libGL.so.1 when using
# the primus bridge
PrimusLibraryPath=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/primus:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/primus
# Should the program run under optirun even if Bumblebee server or nvidia card
# is not available?
AllowFallbackToIGC=false
# Driver-specific settings are grouped under [driver-NAME]. The sections are
# parsed if the Driver setting in [bumblebeed] is set to NAME (or if auto-
# detection resolves to NAME).
# PMMethod: method to use for saving power by disabling the nvidia card, valid
# values are: auto - automatically detect which PM method to use
# bbswitch - new in BB 3, recommended if available
# switcheroo - vga_switcheroo method, use at your own risk
# none - disable PM completely
# https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/Comparison-of-PM-methods
## Section with nvidia driver specific options, only parsed if Driver=nvidia
[driver-nvidia]
# Module name to load, defaults to Driver if empty or unset
KernelDriver=nvidia-331-updates
PMMethod=auto
# colon-separated path to the nvidia libraries
LibraryPath=/usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates:/usr/lib32/nvidia-331-updates
# comma-separated path of the directory containing nvidia_drv.so and the
# default Xorg modules path
XorgModulePath=/usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules
XorgConfFile=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia
## Section with nouveau driver specific options, only parsed if Driver=nouveau
[driver-nouveau]
KernelDriver=nouveau
PMMethod=auto
XorgConfFile=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nouveau
/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia
# cat /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "Layout0"
Option "AutoAddDevices" "false"
Option "AutoAddGPU" "false"
EndSection
Section "Device"
Identifier "DiscreteNvidia"
Driver "nvidia"
VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation"
# If the X server does not automatically detect your VGA device,
# you can manually set it here.
# To get the BusID prop, run `lspci | egrep 'VGA|3D'` and input the data
# as you see in the commented example.
# This Setting may be needed in some platforms with more than one
# nvidia card, which may confuse the proprietary driver (e.g.,
# trying to take ownership of the wrong device). Also needed on Ubuntu 13.04.
BusID "PCI:01:00:0"
# Setting ProbeAllGpus to false prevents the new proprietary driver
# instance spawned to try to control the integrated graphics card,
# which is already being managed outside bumblebee.
# This option doesn't hurt and it is required on platforms running
# more than one nvidia graphics card with the proprietary driver.
# (E.g. Macbook Pro pre-2010 with nVidia 9400M + 9600M GT).
# If this option is not set, the new Xorg may blacken the screen and
# render it unusable (unless you have some way to run killall Xorg).
Option "ProbeAllGpus" "false"
Option "NoLogo" "true"
Option "UseEDID" "false"
Option "UseDisplayDevice" "none"
EndSection
港口：
# lspci | grep NVIDIA
01:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK107M [GeForce GT 750M] (rev a1)
驱动程序：
# dpkg -l | grep nvidia
ii bumblebee-nvidia 3.2.1-90~trustyppa1 amd64 NVIDIA Optimus support using the proprietary NVIDIA driver
ii nvidia-331-updates 331.38-0ubuntu7.1 amd64 NVIDIA binary driver - version 331.38
ii nvidia-libopencl1-331-updates 331.38-0ubuntu7.1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenCL Driver and ICD Loader library
ii nvidia-opencl-icd-331-updates 331.38-0ubuntu7.1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenCL ICD
ii nvidia-prime 0.6.2linuxmint1 amd64 Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime
ii nvidia-settings 343.13-0ubuntu1~xedgers14.04.1 amd64 Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
dmesg：
# dmesg | grep nv
[ 0.658496] rtc_cmos 00:06: alarms up to one month, y3k, 242 bytes nvram, hpet irqs
[ 29.242070] nvidia: module license 'NVIDIA' taints kernel.
[ 362.966609] nvidia: disagrees about version of symbol drm_pci_init
[ 362.966613] nvidia: Unknown symbol drm_pci_init (err -22)
[ 362.966659] nvidia: disagrees about version of symbol drm_gem_prime_handle_to_fd
[ 362.966660] nvidia: Unknown symbol drm_gem_prime_handle_to_fd (err -22)
[ 362.966678] nvidia: disagrees about version of symbol drm_gem_private_object_init
[ 362.966679] nvidia: Unknown symbol drm_gem_private_object_init (err -22)
[ 362.966746] nvidia: disagrees about version of symbol drm_gem_handle_create
[ 362.966747] nvidia: Unknown symbol drm_gem_handle_create (err -22)
[ 362.966796] nvidia: disagrees about version of symbol drm_pci_exit
[ 362.966797] nvidia: Unknown symbol drm_pci_exit (err -22)
[ 362.966822] nvidia: disagrees about version of symbol drm_gem_prime_export
[ 362.966823] nvidia: Unknown symbol drm_gem_prime_export (err -22)
和
# dmesg | grep bb
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xcb000000-0xcbbfffff]
[ 0.256795] e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem 0xb9bea000-0xbbffffff]
[ 0.256796] e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem 0xba429000-0xbbffffff]
[ 0.661515] Loaded X.509 cert 'Magrathea: Glacier signing key: 2cb1133b35f95a9e24deabeeb12ba449bcbabbc9'
[ 4.377136] bbswitch: version 0.8
[ 4.377141] bbswitch: Found integrated VGA device 0000:00:02.0: \_SB_.PCI0.GFX0
[ 4.377144] bbswitch: Found discrete VGA device 0000:01:00.0: \_SB_.PCI0.PEG0.PEGP
[ 4.377230] bbswitch: detected an Optimus _DSM function
[ 4.377275] bbswitch: Succesfully loaded. Discrete card 0000:01:00.0 is on
[ 4.378990] bbswitch: disabling discrete graphics
[ 28.392635] bbswitch: enabling discrete graphics
[ 308.876566] bbswitch: disabling discrete graphics
[ 362.505917] bbswitch: enabling discrete graphics
答案1
我自己修复了这个问题。由于我也安装了最新的驱动程序，所以我偶然发现了这个帖子；安装最新的英特尔驱动程序后，Nvidia（Bumblebee）无法加载
但我按照说明做了：
sudo apt-get purge i915-3.15-3.13-dkms
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-video-intel libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
sudo apt-get install --reinstall nvidia-340
sudo dpkg-reconfigure bbswitch-dkms
sudo reboot
但它对我不起作用，所以我又搜索了一下。我找到了这个错误报告并尝试了这些说明（https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-drivers-common/+bug/1310023)：
sudo ldconfig -n
sudo update-initramfs -u
sudo reboot
尤里卡，成功了！