我的 IOWait 很高，而且磁盘速度通常很慢。（在 7200 RPM TOSHIBA MK5061GSYN 硬盘上）我的磁盘使用率在 Windows 8 上也是 100%，所以我认为这与 Linux 无关。我知道我有 182 个坏块，但它们都已重新分配，所以我认为它们不会造成任何问题。“sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sda”
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 2 MB in 2.87 seconds = 713.09 kB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 198 MB in 3.02 seconds = 65.67 MB/sec
我的外部 160 GB 5400 RPM SAMSUNG HM161HI 驱动器“sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sdb”
/dev/sdb:
Timing cached reads: 14614 MB in 1.99 seconds = 7330.51 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 94 MB in 3.03 seconds = 31.06 MB/sec
智能状态：
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Toshiba 2.5" HDD MK..61GSY[N]
Device Model: TOSHIBA MK5061GSYN
Serial Number: 82NRT1ZLT
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 431d06641
Firmware Version: MH000C
User Capacity: 500.107.862.016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Oct 31 21:45:02 2014 EET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x05) Offline data collection activity
was aborted by an interrupting command from host.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x51) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 113) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003f) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0027 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0023 100 100 002 Pre-fail Always - 2280
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1060
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 092 092 010 Pre-fail Always - 182
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002f 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0025 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 357
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0033 121 100 030 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 396
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 0
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0033 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
185 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 65535
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 097 000 Old_age Always - 11
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 055 048 040 Old_age Always - 45 (Min/Max 29/45)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 983055
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 7139
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 16
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 357 -
# 2 Short offline Aborted by host 60% 350 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 292 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 290 -
# 5 Short offline Aborted by host 10% 289 -
# 6 Short offline Aborted by host 10% 288 -
# 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 195 -
# 8 Short offline Completed without error 00% 143 -
# 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 142 -
#10 Short offline Completed without error 00% 3 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
系统信息：
System: Host: ege-LIFEBOOK-AH532-G21 Kernel: 3.13.0-32-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Gnome Distro: Ubuntu 14.04 trusty
Machine: System: FUJITSU (portable) product: LIFEBOOK AH532/G21
Mobo: FUJITSU model: FJNBB2B Bios: FUJITSU // Phoenix version: Version 2.09 date: 02/20/2013
CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-3210M CPU (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB flags: (lm nx sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3 vmx)
Clock Speeds: 1: 1200.00 MHz 2: 1200.00 MHz 3: 2400.00 MHz 4: 1200.00 MHz
Graphics: Card-1: Intel 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller
Card-2: NVIDIA GF108M [GeForce GT 620M]
X.Org: 1.15.1 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) FAILED: nouveau Resolution: [email protected]
GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Ivybridge Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 10.1.3
Audio: Card: Intel 7 Series/C210 Series Family High Definition Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel
Sound: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ver: k3.13.0-32-generic
Network: Card-1: Intel Centrino Wireless-N 2230 driver: iwlwifi
IF: wlan0 state: up mac: 84:a6:c8:1a:1e:4a
Card-2: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
IF: eth0 state: down mac: 2c:d4:44:91:7c:60
Drives: HDD Total Size: 664.2GB (11.9% used) 1: id: /dev/sda model: TOSHIBA_MK5061GS size: 500.1GB
2: USB id: /dev/sdc model: USB_Flash_Disk size: 4.0GB 3: USB id: /dev/sdb model: HM161HI size: 160.0GB
Partition: ID: / size: 147G used: 4.2G (3%) fs: ext4 ID: swap-1 size: 4.10GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap
RAID: No RAID devices detected - /proc/mdstat and md_mod kernel raid module present
Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 57.0C mobo: N/A
Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A
Info: Processes: 211 Uptime: 25 min Memory: 876.4/3811.2MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 1.9.17
编辑：我在实时 USB 上发出了“hdparm -tT /dev/sda”，速度似乎不错：
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 15282 MB in 1.99 seconds = 7667.29 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 288 MB in 3.01 seconds = 95.63 MB/sec
什么可能导致已安装的系统出现此问题？
编辑 2：我的硬盘昨天坏了。我的电脑甚至无法识别它了。我很快就会更换它。