好的，我对此还很陌生，所以我可能没有给你正确数量的信息，但我希望这足以帮助我。
我正在运行 Ubuntu 14.10LTS（即使我的 /etc/apt/source.list 说了关于 13.10 的一些事情）但我刚刚开始收到“404 未找到”和“无法获取”的提示，我尝试过sudo apt-get dist-upgrade，sudo sed -i -e 's/archive.ubuntu.com\|security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list grep -E 'archive.ubuntu.com|security.ubuntu.com' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
但是没有效果，我想最后两件事让情况变得更糟。
terminal read out
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1) saucy InRelease
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1) saucy Release.gpg
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1) saucy Release
Err cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1) saucy/main amd64 Packages
Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
Err cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1) saucy/restricted amd64 Packages
Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
Err cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1) saucy/main i386 Packages
Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
Err cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1) saucy/restricted i386 Packages
Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1) saucy/main Translation-en_US
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1) saucy/main Translation-en
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1) saucy/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1) saucy/restricted Translation-en
Err http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic InRelease
Err http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-updates InRelease
Err http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-proposed InRelease
Err http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic Release.gpg
Could not resolve 'us.old-releases.ubuntu.com'
Err http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-updates Release.gpg
Could not resolve 'us.old-releases.ubuntu.com'
Err http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-proposed Release.gpg
Could not resolve 'us.old-releases.ubuntu.com'
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release
Ign http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security InRelease
Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable/main amd64 Packages [1,204 B]
Ign http://archive.canonical.com saucy InRelease
Get:2 http://dl.google.com stable/main i386 Packages [1,220 B]
Ign http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security Release.gpg
Hit http://archive.canonical.com saucy Release.gpg
Ign http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security Release
Hit http://archive.canonical.com saucy Release
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en
Hit http://archive.canonical.com saucy/partner Sources
Hit http://archive.canonical.com saucy/partner amd64 Packages
Hit http://archive.canonical.com saucy/partner i386 Packages
Ign http://archive.canonical.com saucy/partner Translation-en_US
Ign http://archive.canonical.com saucy/partner Translation-en
Hit http://repo.steampowered.com precise InRelease
Get:3 http://repo.steampowered.com precise/steam Sources [549 B]
Get:4 http://repo.steampowered.com precise/steam amd64 Packages [604 B]
Get:5 http://repo.steampowered.com precise/steam i386 Packages [804 B]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Hit http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Get:6 http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/apps amd64 Packages [58.9 kB]
Ign http://repo.steampowered.com precise/steam Translation-en_US
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Ign http://repo.steampowered.com precise/steam Translation-en
Get:7 http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/games amd64 Packages [73.1 kB]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Ign https://private-ppa.launchpad.net quantal InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Get:8 http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/apps Translation-en_US [59.7 kB]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Hit https://private-ppa.launchpad.net quantal Release.gpg
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Hit https://private-ppa.launchpad.net quantal Release
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Hit http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/games Translation-en
Get:9 https://private-ppa.launchpad.net quantal/main amd64 Packages
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Get:10 https://private-ppa.launchpad.net quantal/main i386 Packages
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Hit http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/games Translation-en
Hit https://private-ppa.launchpad.net quantal/main amd64 Packages
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Hit http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/apps i386 Packages
Hit https://private-ppa.launchpad.net quantal/main i386 Packages
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Err http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/games i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 104.28.25.125 80]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/games Translation-en
Hit http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/apps Translation-en
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Get:11 http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg [316 B]
Get:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg [316 B]
Ign https://private-ppa.launchpad.net quantal/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/apps Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Ign http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/games Translation-en_US
Ign https://private-ppa.launchpad.net quantal/main Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg
Ign http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/games Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main Sources
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release.gpg
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release
Get:13 http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release [15.1 kB]
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main Translation-en
Get:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release [15.1 kB]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/main Sources
404 Not Found
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/restricted Sources
404 Not Found
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/universe Sources
404 Not Found
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/multiverse Sources
404 Not Found
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/restricted amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/universe amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/multiverse amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/restricted i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/universe i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/multiverse i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/main Translation-en
Ign http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/multiverse Translation-en
Ign http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/universe Translation-en_US
Ign http://old-releases.ubuntu.com utopic-security/universe Translation-en
Get:15 http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main amd64 Packages [7,100 B]
Get:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages [7,100 B]
Get:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en [2,624 B]
Get:18 http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Sources [17.2 kB]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Sources
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Sources
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Sources
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Sources
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Sources
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Sources
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Sources
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Sources
404 Not Found
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Fetched 126 kB in 36s (3,431 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
W: Failed to fetch http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-updates/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-proposed/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1)/dists/saucy/main/binary-amd64/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
W: Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1)/dists/saucy/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
W: Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1)/dists/saucy/main/binary-i386/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
W: Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1)/dists/saucy/restricted/binary-i386/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
W: Failed to fetch http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic/Release.gpg Could not resolve 'us.old-releases.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-updates/Release.gpg Could not resolve 'us.old-releases.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-proposed/Release.gpg Could not resolve 'us.old-releases.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/restricted/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/universe/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/multiverse/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/universe/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/utopic-security/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu/dists/utopic-getdeb/games/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 104.28.25.125 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/alexmurray/indicator-sensors/ubuntu/dists/utopic/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/alexmurray/indicator-sensors/ubuntu/dists/utopic/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/kilian/f.lux/ubuntu/dists/utopic/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/kilian/f.lux/ubuntu/dists/utopic/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/kilian/f.lux/ubuntu/dists/utopic/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
/etc/apt/source.list
deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release amd64 (20131016.1)]/ saucy main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted
deb-src http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic universe
deb-src http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic universe
deb http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates universe
deb-src http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic multiverse
deb-src http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic multiverse
deb http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates multiverse
deb-src http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security main restricted
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security main restricted
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security universe
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security universe
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu saucy partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu saucy partner
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main
deb http://us.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
答案1
最好将 sources.list 重置为默认值。将其中的内容/etc/apt/sources.list全部替换为：
###### Ubuntu Main Repos
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
###### Ubuntu Update Repos
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
###### Ubuntu Partner Repo
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu utopic partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu utopic partner
###### Ubuntu Extras Repo
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main
然后这样做sudo apt-get update，404 错误就会停止。
在将来对 sources.list 进行一些破坏性的操作（例如就地 sed 替换）之前，请先备份它（例如sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup。
希望有帮助！
注意：我使用了http://repogen.simplylinux.ch/根据您当前的 sources.list 松散地生成上述来源 — 如果您想对其进行调整，请检查一下。
答案2
问题是 14.10 不再维护。
普通 Ubuntu 版本支持 9 个月，而 LTS（长期支持）版本支持 5 年。一旦您使用的 Ubuntu 版本支持完毕，存储库将移至另一台服务器，并且不再在标准版本上可用 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dist/地点。
在您的服务器上运行以下命令，它将用 old-releases.ubuntu.com 替换所有 archive.ubuntu.com 和 security.ubuntu.com 软件包存储库 URL
sudo sed -i -e 's/archive.ubuntu.com\|security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
我的/etc/apt/sources.list包含：
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main universe