我的声卡是“Game Theater XP 5.1”。
此命令：
sudo alsa force-reload
给出：
卸载 ALSA 声音驱动模块：snd-cs46xx snd-ac97-codec snd-pcm snd-seq-midi snd-seq-midi-event snd-rawmidi snd-seq snd-seq-device snd-timer。
加载 ALSA 声音驱动模块：snd-cs46xx snd-ac97-codec snd-pcm snd-seq-midi snd-seq-midi-event snd-rawmidi snd-seq snd-seq-device snd-timer。
所以对我来说这似乎没问题。
我尝试使用以下命令卸载并重新安装：
sudo apt-get remove --purge alsa-base pulseaudio
和
sudo apt-get install alsa-base pulseaudio
这是第二条命令的输出（英文，感谢您的评论）：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
pulseaudio-module-x11
Suggested packages:
apmd alsa-oss oss-compat pavumeter paman pavucontrol paprefs
pulseaudio-module-raop pulseaudio-esound-compat
The following NEW packages will be installed:
alsa-base pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-x11
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/895 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4419 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Selecting previously unselected package alsa-base.
(Reading database ... 142700 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../alsa-base_1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu4_all.deb ...
Unpacking alsa-base (1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package pulseaudio.
Preparing to unpack .../pulseaudio_1%3a4.0-0ubuntu22_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking pulseaudio (1:4.0-0ubuntu22) ...
Selecting previously unselected package pulseaudio-module-x11.
Preparing to unpack .../pulseaudio-module-x11_1%3a4.0-0ubuntu22_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking pulseaudio-module-x11 (1:4.0-0ubuntu22) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.0.2-2) ...
Processing triggers for dbus (1.8.8-1ubuntu2.1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
Setting up alsa-base (1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu4) ...
Setting up pulseaudio (1:4.0-0ubuntu22) ...
Adding user pulse to group audio
update-rc.d: warning: start and stop actions are no longer supported; falling back to defaults
update-rc.d: warning: stop runlevel arguments (1) do not match pulseaudio Default-Stop values (0 1 6)
Processing triggers for dbus (1.8.8-1ubuntu2.1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
Setting up pulseaudio-module-x11 (1:4.0-0ubuntu22) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-10ubuntu2.1) ...
我注意到了这些错误：
update-rc.d: warning: start and stop actions are no longer supported; falling back to defaults
update-rc.d: warning: stop runlevel arguments (1) do not match pulseaudio Default-Stop values (0 1 6)
答案1
感谢 ubuntuforums.org 的 Temüjin，这个问题已经解决了！Temüjin 写道：
所需的固件文件曾经是内核的一部分，但由于法律原因在内核 3.14 中被移出：
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/co...c207f46cbcae03
这应该可以解决你的问题（重新加载 alsa 或完成后重新启动）：
cd ~
wget ftp://ftp.alsa-project.org/pub/firmware/alsa-firmware-1.0.28.tar.bz2
tar xjf alsa-firmware-1.0.28.tar.bz2
cd alsa-firmware-1.0.28
./configure
cd cs46xx/
make
sudo make install
完美！只有一点不同：wget 也会下载编译后的文件，因此 make 命令就没有必要了