我使用的是 14.04 版本，并尝试在配备 Intel GMA4500 显卡的 Dell Optiplex 780 上通过显示端口 -> HDMI -> TV 获得声音。问题（目前）不是显示端口 -> HDMI，这似乎与适配器有关，但目前，aplay -l 根本没有列出 Intel 卡。
xrandr --verbose列出电视、EDID 和
audio: auto
supported: force-dvi off auto on
我希望如果图形首先不支持声音，xrandr就不会列出音频，而这只是一个驱动程序问题。
我尝试安装官方英特尔驱动程序（使用图形安装程序），添加i915.disable_power_well=0、更新到 alsa-daily 并根据互联网本身的建议升级到最新内核。没有变化。
但图形还是不错的。
有任何想法吗？
$ lsmod | grep snd
snd_hda_codec_analog 15144 1
snd_hda_codec_generic 68898 1 snd_hda_codec_analog
snd_hda_intel 30779 1
snd_hda_controller 31921 1 snd_hda_intel
snd_hda_codec 139816 4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_controller,snd_hda_codec_analog
snd_hwdep 13602 1 snd_hda_codec
snd_pcm 102099 3 snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_controller
snd_page_alloc 18710 3 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_controller
snd_seq_midi 13324 0
snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_rawmidi 30144 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_seq 61560 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi
snd_seq_device 14497 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi
snd_timer 29482 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq
snd 69322 13 snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_analog,snd_seq_midi
soundcore 12680 2 snd,snd_hda_codec$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: AD1984A Analog [AD1984A Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 2: AD1984A Alt Analog [AD1984A Alt Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0$ xrandr --verbose
Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 32767 x 32767
VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
Identifier: 0x42
Timestamp: 23161
Subpixel: unknown
Clones:
CRTCs: 0 1
Transform: 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
filter:
HDMI1 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (0x47) normal (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 160mm x 90mm
Identifier: 0x43
Timestamp: 23161
Subpixel: unknown
Gamma: 1.0:1.0:1.0
Brightness: 1.0
Clones:
CRTC: 0
CRTCs: 0 1
Transform: 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
filter:
EDID:
00ffffffffffff001e6d010001010101
01150103801009780aee91a3544c9926
0f5054a10800714f8180010101010101
010101010101023a801871382d40582c
4500a05a0000001e1b2150a051001e30
48883500a05a0000001c000000fd003a
3e1e5310000a202020202020000000fc
004c472054560a2020202020202001e2
020337f14e101f841305140302122021
2215012615075009570778030c002000
b82d20c00e01400a3c08101810981058
103810e3050301011d8018711c162058
2c2500a05a0000009e011d007251d01e
206e285500a05a0000001e023a801871
382d40582c4500a05a0000001e000000
00000000000000000000000000000021
Broadcast RGB: Automatic
supported: Automatic, Full, Limited 16:235
audio: auto
supported: force-dvi, off, auto, on
1920x1080 (0x47) 148.5MHz +HSync +VSync *current +preferred
h: width 1920 start 2008 end 2052 total 2200 skew 0 clock 67.5KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1089 total 1125 clock 60.0Hz
1920x1080 (0x8e) 148.5MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1920 start 2448 end 2492 total 2640 skew 0 clock 56.2KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1089 total 1125 clock 50.0Hz
1920x1080 (0x8f) 148.4MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1920 start 2008 end 2052 total 2200 skew 0 clock 67.4KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1089 total 1125 clock 59.9Hz
1920x1080i (0x90) 74.2MHz +HSync +VSync Interlace
h: width 1920 start 2008 end 2052 total 2200 skew 0 clock 33.8KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1094 total 1125 clock 60.1Hz
1920x1080i (0x91) 74.2MHz +HSync +VSync Interlace
h: width 1920 start 2448 end 2492 total 2640 skew 0 clock 28.1KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1094 total 1125 clock 50.0Hz
1920x1080 (0x92) 74.2MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1920 start 2008 end 2052 total 2200 skew 0 clock 33.8KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1089 total 1125 clock 30.0Hz
1920x1080 (0x93) 74.2MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1920 start 2448 end 2492 total 2640 skew 0 clock 28.1KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1089 total 1125 clock 25.0Hz
1920x1080 (0x94) 74.2MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1920 start 2558 end 2602 total 2750 skew 0 clock 27.0KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1089 total 1125 clock 24.0Hz
1920x1080i (0x95) 74.2MHz +HSync +VSync Interlace
h: width 1920 start 2008 end 2052 total 2200 skew 0 clock 33.7KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1094 total 1125 clock 60.0Hz
1920x1080 (0x96) 74.2MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1920 start 2008 end 2052 total 2200 skew 0 clock 33.7KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1089 total 1125 clock 30.0Hz
1920x1080 (0x97) 74.2MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1920 start 2558 end 2602 total 2750 skew 0 clock 27.0KHz
v: height 1080 start 1084 end 1089 total 1125 clock 24.0Hz
1280x1024 (0x98) 108.0MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1280 start 1328 end 1440 total 1688 skew 0 clock 64.0KHz
v: height 1024 start 1025 end 1028 total 1066 clock 60.0Hz
1360x768 (0x99) 84.8MHz -HSync +VSync
h: width 1360 start 1432 end 1568 total 1776 skew 0 clock 47.7KHz
v: height 768 start 771 end 776 total 798 clock 59.8Hz
1152x864 (0x9a) 108.0MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1152 start 1216 end 1344 total 1600 skew 0 clock 67.5KHz
v: height 864 start 865 end 868 total 900 clock 75.0Hz
1280x720 (0x9b) 74.2MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1280 start 1390 end 1430 total 1650 skew 0 clock 45.0KHz
v: height 720 start 725 end 730 total 750 clock 60.0Hz
1280x720 (0x9c) 74.2MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1280 start 1720 end 1760 total 1980 skew 0 clock 37.5KHz
v: height 720 start 725 end 730 total 750 clock 50.0Hz
1280x720 (0x9d) 74.2MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 1280 start 1390 end 1430 total 1650 skew 0 clock 45.0KHz
v: height 720 start 725 end 730 total 750 clock 59.9Hz
1440x576i (0x9e) 27.0MHz -HSync -VSync Interlace
h: width 1440 start 1464 end 1590 total 1728 skew 0 clock 15.6KHz
v: height 576 start 580 end 586 total 625 clock 50.1Hz
1024x768 (0x9f) 65.0MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 1024 start 1048 end 1184 total 1344 skew 0 clock 48.4KHz
v: height 768 start 771 end 777 total 806 clock 60.0Hz
800x600 (0xa0) 40.0MHz +HSync +VSync
h: width 800 start 840 end 968 total 1056 skew 0 clock 37.9KHz
v: height 600 start 601 end 605 total 628 clock 60.3Hz
720x576 (0xa1) 27.0MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 720 start 732 end 796 total 864 skew 0 clock 31.2KHz
v: height 576 start 581 end 586 total 625 clock 50.0Hz
720x480 (0xa2) 27.0MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 720 start 736 end 798 total 858 skew 0 clock 31.5KHz
v: height 480 start 489 end 495 total 525 clock 60.0Hz
720x480 (0xa3) 27.0MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 720 start 736 end 798 total 858 skew 0 clock 31.5KHz
v: height 480 start 489 end 495 total 525 clock 59.9Hz
640x480 (0xa4) 25.2MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 640 start 656 end 752 total 800 skew 0 clock 31.5KHz
v: height 480 start 490 end 492 total 525 clock 60.0Hz
640x480 (0xa5) 25.2MHz -HSync -VSync
h: width 640 start 656 end 752 total 800 skew 0 clock 31.5KHz
v: height 480 start 490 end 492 total 525 clock 59.9Hz
720x400 (0xa6) 28.3MHz -HSync +VSync
h: width 720 start 738 end 846 total 900 skew 0 clock 31.5KHz
v: height 400 start 412 end 414 total 449 clock 70.1Hz
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
Identifier: 0x44
Timestamp: 23161
Subpixel: unknown
Clones:
CRTCs: 0 1
Transform: 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
filter:
Broadcast RGB: Automatic
supported: Automatic, Full, Limited 16:235
audio: auto
supported: force-dvi, off, auto, on
VIRTUAL1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
Identifier: 0x45
Timestamp: 23161
Subpixel: no subpixels
Clones:
CRTCs: 2
Transform: 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
filter: