我在一台旧的 VAIO 笔记本电脑（型号 PCG-5J2L）上安装了 Ubuntu 14.04.2。它有一个内置的 wifi NIC，但它不适用于 Windows 或 Ubuntu。
我已经把它关掉了。我买了一个 USB wifi 卡 TP Link TL-WN823N 来使用 wifi 连接，但它也不起作用。
我已经阅读了很多关于如何为我的 VAIO Linux 机器安装新驱动程序的网页，因为我读到 ubuntu 有这个 USB wifi NIC（rtl8192cu 模块）的旧驱动程序：
https://github.com/pvaret/rtl8192cu-fixes/blob/master/README.md
但是我的 USB wifi 棒 TP Link TL-WN823N 还不能用。我不是 Linux 专家。
fconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet direcciónHW 00:1a:80:3e:5a:e9
Direc. inet:192.168.1.133 Difus.:192.168.1.255 Másc:255.255.255.0
Dirección inet6: fe80::21a:80ff:fe3e:5ae9/64 Alcance:Enlace
ACTIVO DIFUSIÓN FUNCIONANDO MULTICAST MTU:1500 Métrica:1
Paquetes RX:2880 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 frame:0
Paquetes TX:2810 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
colisiones:0 long.colaTX:1000
Bytes RX:998287 (998.2 KB) TX bytes:395843 (395.8 KB)
lo Link encap:Bucle local
Direc. inet:127.0.0.1 Másc:255.0.0.0
Dirección inet6: ::1/128 Alcance:Anfitrión
ACTIVO BUCLE FUNCIONANDO MTU:65536 Métrica:1
Paquetes RX:988 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 frame:0
Paquetes TX:988 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
colisiones:0 long.colaTX:0
Bytes RX:91214 (91.2 KB) TX bytes:91214 (91.2 KB)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet direcciónHW 00:13:e8:bd:4f:ab
DIFUSIÓN MULTICAST MTU:1500 Métrica:1
Paquetes RX:0 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 frame:0
Paquetes TX:0 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
colisiones:0 long.colaTX:1000
Bytes RX:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
wlan1 Link encap:Ethernet direcciónHW 14:cc:20:13:69:df
DIFUSIÓN MULTICAST MTU:1500 Métrica:1
Paquetes RX:0 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 frame:0
Paquetes TX:0 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
colisiones:0 long.colaTX:1000
Bytes RX:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lsmod | grep 8192
8192cu 572775 0
lsmod
Module Size Used by
bnep 18895 2
rfcomm 53664 0
bluetooth 342208 10 bnep,rfcomm
hid_generic 12492 0
snd_hda_codec_realtek 59259 1
arc4 12536 2
pcmcia 51828 0
uvcvideo 71309 0
videobuf2_vmalloc 13048 1 uvcvideo
videobuf2_memops 13170 1 videobuf2_vmalloc
videobuf2_core 39258 1 uvcvideo
usbhid 47070 0
videodev 108503 2 uvcvideo,videobuf2_core
hid 87604 2 hid_generic,usbhid
coretemp 13195 0
joydev 17101 0
iwl4965 106859 0
serio_raw 13230 0
iwlegacy 88016 1 iwl4965
parport_pc 31981 0
ppdev 17391 0
mac80211 546067 2 iwl4965,iwlegacy
snd_hda_intel 42794 3
snd_hda_codec 164067 2 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel
yenta_socket 40201 0
tifm_7xx1 13163 0
snd_hwdep 13272 1 snd_hda_codec
lpc_ich 16864 0
pcmcia_rsrc 18319 1 yenta_socket
tifm_core 15133 1 tifm_7xx1
snd_pcm 85501 2 snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel
pcmcia_core 22328 3 pcmcia,pcmcia_rsrc,yenta_socket
cfg80211 409394 3 iwl4965,iwlegacy,mac80211
snd_page_alloc 14230 2 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel
snd_seq_midi 13132 0
snd_seq_midi_event 14475 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_rawmidi 25135 1 snd_seq_midi
sony_laptop 44359 0
snd_seq 55383 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi
i915 710013 3
8192cu 572775 0
video 18903 1 i915
drm_kms_helper 48868 1 i915
mac_hid 13037 0
drm 244037 4 i915,drm_kms_helper
shpchp 32128 0
snd_seq_device 14137 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi
snd_timer 28584 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq
snd 60939 16 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_seq_midi
soundcore 12600 1 snd
i2c_algo_bit 13197 1 i915
lp 13299 0
parport 40836 3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc
firewire_ohci 35529 0
psmouse 91357 0
firewire_core 61867 1 firewire_ohci
r8169 61562 0
crc_itu_t 12627 1 firewire_core
mii 13654 1 r8169
pata_acpi 12886 0
iwconfig
wlan0 IEEE 802.11abgn ESSID:off/any
Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=off
Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Power Management:off
lo no wireless extensions.
eth0 no wireless extensions.
wlan1 unassociated Nickname:"<WIFI@REALTEK>"
Mode:Auto Frequency=2.412 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated
Sensitivity:0/0
Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality:0 Signal level:0 Noise level:0
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
我执行了您的命令并重新启动了我的计算机。USB wifi 棒不工作。
请求的输出是：
lsusb
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bda:8178 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8192CU 802.11n WLAN Adapter
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 002: ID 192f:0616 Avago Technologies, Pte. ADNS-5700 Optical Mouse Controller (5-button)
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 05ca:1839 Ricoh Co., Ltd Visual Communication Camera VGP-VCC6 [R5U870]
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
dmesg | grep 8192
[ 0.004163] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[ 0.004168] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[ 0.197862] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[ 0.197886] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
[ 0.197923] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
[ 0.920740] agpgart-intel 0000:00:00.0: detected 8192K stolen memory
[ 14.454253] 8192cu: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
[ 14.459120] rtl8192cu driver version=v4.0.2_9000.20130911
[ 14.459492] CHIP TYPE: RTL8188C_8192C
[ 14.460240] ====> ReadAdapterInfo8192C
[ 14.808096] readAdapterInfo_8192CU(): REPLACEMENT = 1
[ 14.808099] <==== ReadAdapterInfo8192C in 348 ms
[ 14.808944] usbcore: registered new interface driver rtl8192cu
$ sudo rfkill 解除所有阻止
$ sudo rfkill list all 0: phy0: 无线局域网 软阻止：否 硬阻止：是
$ sudo nmcli nm wifi 开启
但什么都没起作用。当我这样做时：
$ sudo ifconfig wlan0 up
我的 USB wifi NIC 开始闪烁。此外，当我执行以下操作时：
$ sudo iwlist wlan0 扫描
wlan0 扫描完成：
Cell 01 - Address: CA:D7:19:E9:59:60
ESSID:""
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:144 Mb/s
Quality=20/100 Signal level=96/100
Cell 02 - Address: C8:D7:19:E9:59:6E
ESSID:"tokito"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:300 Mb/s
Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020c00
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: Unknown: DD940050F204104A0001101044000102103B00010310470010EB606877966F6240CA6804FEA3F2B41E10210013436973636F2053797374656D732C20496E632E1023000E4C696E6B737973204541363530301024000645413635303010420008247B7365726E6F7D1054000800060050F204000110110009746F6B69746F204150100800022008103C0001031049000600372A000120
Quality=20/100 Signal level=100/100
Cell 03 - Address: 00:26:ED:AC:C0:7D
ESSID:"Movistar"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bg
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:54 Mb/s
Quality=48/100 Signal level=84/100
Cell 04 - Address: FC:94:E3:11:F5:52
ESSID:"majofran.."
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.427 GHz (Channel 4)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:144 Mb/s
Extra:wpa_ie=dd180050f20101000050f20401000050f20401000050f2020c00
IE: WPA Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020c00
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Quality=34/100 Signal level=44/100
Cell 05 - Address: 64:66:B3:F3:FD:8E
ESSID:"tokito_EXT"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:300 Mb/s
Extra:wpa_ie=dd1a0050f20101000050f20202000050f2040050f20201000050f202
IE: WPA Version 1
Group Cipher : TKIP
Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Extra:rsn_ie=30180100000fac020200000fac04000fac020100000fac020000
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : TKIP
Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: Unknown: DD7E0050F204104A0001101044000102103B000103104700107B260273ED8453ECAB7C0AD42FDE9F141021000754502D4C494E4B1023000A544C2D5741383530524510240003322E301042000010540008000000000000000010110018576972656C657373204E20415020544C2D57413835305245100800020008103C000103
Quality=10/100 Signal level=50/100
Cell 06 - Address: 4C:72:B9:1F:C5:B8
ESSID:"Peluchin01"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.432 GHz (Channel 5)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:144 Mb/s
Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020c00
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Quality=68/100 Signal level=48/100
内置 wifi 卡已由硬件关闭。当我将其打开时，它保持关闭状态。有什么线索吗？
答案1
首先，我建议你将内部设备的驱动程序列入黑名单。从终端：
sudo -i
echo "blacklist iwl4965" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
exit
断开以太网连接，因为网络管理器会优先使用以太网而不是无线。重新启动。USB 无线是否正常工作？
如果没有，请编辑您的问题以添加以下结果：
lsusb
dmesg | grep 8192
根据您的补充，我会完善这个答案。
答案2
在我的案例中，它工作正常，插入加密狗后会加载以下驱动程序，
lsmod | grep 8192
rtl8192cu 67723 0
rtl_usb 18448 1 rtl8192cu
rtlwifi 63475 2 rtl_usb,rtl8192cu
rtl8192c_common 53172 1 rtl8192cu
mac80211 630728 4 rtl_usb,rtlwifi,ath9k_htc,rtl8192cu
不要与 ath9k_htc 混淆，我也有基于 atheros 芯片组的 tl-wn721N usb 适配器。我使用的是 14.04LTS 和以下内核
uname -a
Linux karteek-HP-Compaq-8000-Elite-CMT-PC 3.13.0-61-generic #100-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 29 11:21:34 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
我也尝试过 Pvaret 的补丁，除了 LED 闪烁外，它也按预期工作。使用 Pvaret 补丁后，我得到了以下驱动程序
lsmod | grep 8192
8192cu 527317 0
现在我正在使用 pvaret 的修补驱动程序，它提供的性能与 Atheros 芯片组 (TL-WN721N) 驱动程序类似，没有任何连接中断。Realtek 默认内核驱动程序非常慢，并且多次出现连接中断的情况，甚至自动连接也无济于事，我们必须断开连接并重新连接才能获得网络。