我想知道准确位置用于入口流量整形的数据包流中的以下设备：
- IFB：中间功能块
我想更好地了解数据包如何流向该设备以及何时发生这种情况，以了解可以使用以下哪些过滤/分类方法：
tc filter ... u32 ...iptables ... -j MARK --set-mark ...iptables ... -j CLASSIFY --set-class ...
似乎很难找到有关此主题的文档，任何可以在哪里找到官方文档的帮助也将不胜感激。
据我所知的文档：
tc：tldp.org 指南,lartc.org 指南ifb：linuxfoundation.org,tc-mirred 联机帮助页,wiki.gentoo.orgnetfilter数据包流向：内核流,docum.org kptd
根据已知的文档，我解释如下：
基本交通管制
figure 1
+-------+ +------+
|ingress| +---------+ |egress|
|qdisc +--->netfilter+--->qdisc |
|eth0 | +---------+ |eth0 |
+-------+ +------+
IFB？
tc filter add dev eth0 parent ffff: protocol all u32 match u32 0 0 action mirred egress redirect dev ifb0会导致？
figure 2
+-------+ +-------+ +------+ +------+
|ingress| |ingress| |egress| +---------+ |egress|
|qdisc +--->qdisc +--->qdisc +--->netfilter+--->qdisc |
|eth0 | |ifb0 | |ifb0 | +---------+ |eth0 |
+-------+ +-------+ +------+ +------+
答案1
我想我终于明白了如何重定向ingress到IFB工作中：
+-------+ +------+ +------+
|ingress| |egress| +---------+ |egress|
|qdisc +--->qdisc +--->netfilter+--->qdisc |
|eth1 | |ifb1 | +---------+ |eth1 |
+-------+ +------+ +------+
我最初的假设是figure 2，ifb设备插入在ingress eth1和之间，netfilter并且数据包首先进入ingress ifb1，然后通过egress ifb1 错了。
事实上，重定向流量接口ingress或egress到IFB的egressegress通过重定向（“窃取”）数据包并将其直接放入ifb 设备中来直接完成。
将流量镜像/重定向到IFB的ingress目前不支持，正如文档中所述，至少在我的版本上：
root@deb8:~# tc -V
tc utility, iproute2-ss140804
root@deb8:~# dpkg -l | grep iproute
ii iproute2 3.16.0-2
root@deb8:~# uname -a
Linux deb8 3.16.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt25-1 x86_64 GNU/Linux
文档
由于以下文档，我能够获得此信息：
- linux-ip.net中间功能块
- dev.laptop.orgifb-自述文件
- people.netfilter.orgLinux流量控制分类器-动作子系统架构论文
调试
以及一些调试使用iptables -j LOG和tc filter action simplesyslog，当icmp数据包流经 netdevs时，我用它来打印消息。
结果如下：
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341087] simple: tc[eth1]ingress_1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341114] simple: tc[ifb1]egress_1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341229] ipt[PREROUTING]raw IN=eth1 OUT= MAC=08:00:27:ee:8f:15:08:00:27:89:16:5b:08:00 SRC=10.1.1.3 DST=10.1.1.2 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=53979 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=1382 SEQ=1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341238] ipt[PREROUTING]mangle IN=eth1 OUT= MAC=08:00:27:ee:8f:15:08:00:27:89:16:5b:08:00 SRC=10.1.1.3 DST=10.1.1.2 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=53979 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=1382 SEQ=1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341242] ipt[PREROUTING]nat IN=eth1 OUT= MAC=08:00:27:ee:8f:15:08:00:27:89:16:5b:08:00 SRC=10.1.1.3 DST=10.1.1.2 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=53979 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=1382 SEQ=1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341249] ipt[INPUT]mangle IN=eth1 OUT= MAC=08:00:27:ee:8f:15:08:00:27:89:16:5b:08:00 SRC=10.1.1.3 DST=10.1.1.2 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=53979 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=1382 SEQ=1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341252] ipt[INPUT]filter IN=eth1 OUT= MAC=08:00:27:ee:8f:15:08:00:27:89:16:5b:08:00 SRC=10.1.1.3 DST=10.1.1.2 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=53979 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=1382 SEQ=1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341255] ipt[INPUT]nat IN=eth1 OUT= MAC=08:00:27:ee:8f:15:08:00:27:89:16:5b:08:00 SRC=10.1.1.3 DST=10.1.1.2 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=53979 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=1382 SEQ=1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341267] ipt[OUTPUT]raw IN= OUT=eth1 SRC=10.1.1.2 DST=10.1.1.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=37735 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=1382 SEQ=1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341270] ipt[OUTPUT]mangle IN= OUT=eth1 SRC=10.1.1.2 DST=10.1.1.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=37735 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=1382 SEQ=1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341272] ipt[OUTPUT]filter IN= OUT=eth1 SRC=10.1.1.2 DST=10.1.1.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=37735 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=1382 SEQ=1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341274] ipt[POSTROUTING]mangle IN= OUT=eth1 SRC=10.1.1.2 DST=10.1.1.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=37735 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=0 CODE=0 ID=1382 SEQ=1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341278] simple: tc[eth1]egress_1
Jun 14 13:02:12 deb8 kernel: [ 4273.341280] simple: tc[ifb0]egress_1
使用以下设置完成调试：
iptables -F -t filter
iptables -F -t nat
iptables -F -t mangle
iptables -F -t raw
iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[PREROUTING]raw '
iptables -A PREROUTING -t mangle -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[PREROUTING]mangle '
iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[PREROUTING]nat '
iptables -A INPUT -t mangle -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[INPUT]mangle '
iptables -A INPUT -t filter -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[INPUT]filter '
iptables -A INPUT -t nat -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[INPUT]nat '
iptables -A FORWARD -t mangle -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[FORWARD]mangle '
iptables -A FORWARD -t filter -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[FORWARD]filter '
iptables -A OUTPUT -t raw -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[OUTPUT]raw '
iptables -A OUTPUT -t mangle -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[OUTPUT]mangle '
iptables -A OUTPUT -t nat -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[OUTPUT]nat '
iptables -A OUTPUT -t filter -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[OUTPUT]filter '
iptables -A POSTROUTING -t mangle -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[POSTROUTING]mangle '
iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[POSTROUTING]nat '
iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[PREROUTING]raw '
iptables -A PREROUTING -t mangle -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[PREROUTING]mangle '
iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[PREROUTING]nat '
iptables -A INPUT -t mangle -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[INPUT]mangle '
iptables -A INPUT -t filter -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[INPUT]filter '
iptables -A INPUT -t nat -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[INPUT]nat '
iptables -A FORWARD -t mangle -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[FORWARD]mangle '
iptables -A FORWARD -t filter -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[FORWARD]filter '
iptables -A OUTPUT -t raw -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[OUTPUT]raw '
iptables -A OUTPUT -t mangle -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[OUTPUT]mangle '
iptables -A OUTPUT -t nat -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[OUTPUT]nat '
iptables -A OUTPUT -t filter -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[OUTPUT]filter '
iptables -A POSTROUTING -t mangle -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[POSTROUTING]mangle '
iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix 'ipt[POSTROUTING]nat '
export TC="/sbin/tc"
$TC qdisc del dev eth1 root
$TC qdisc del dev eth1 ingress
ip link set dev ifb0 down
ip link set dev ifb1 down
$TC qdisc del dev ifb0 root
$TC qdisc del dev ifb1 root
rmmod ifb
modprobe ifb numifbs=2
$TC qdisc add dev ifb0 root handle 1: htb default 2
$TC class add dev ifb0 parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 2Mbit
$TC class add dev ifb0 parent 1: classid 1:2 htb rate 10Mbit
$TC filter add dev ifb0 parent 1: protocol ip prio 1 u32 \
match ip protocol 1 0xff flowid 1:1 \
action simple "tc[ifb0]egress"
$TC qdisc add dev ifb0 ingress
$TC filter add dev ifb0 parent ffff: protocol ip prio 1 u32 \
match ip protocol 1 0xff \
action simple "tc[ifb0]ingress"
$TC qdisc add dev ifb1 root handle 1: htb default 2
$TC class add dev ifb1 parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 2Mbit
$TC class add dev ifb1 parent 1: classid 1:2 htb rate 10Mbit
$TC filter add dev ifb1 parent 1: protocol ip prio 1 u32 \
match ip protocol 1 0xff flowid 1:1 \
action simple "tc[ifb1]egress"
$TC qdisc add dev ifb1 ingress
$TC filter add dev ifb1 parent ffff: protocol ip prio 1 u32 \
match ip protocol 1 0xff \
action simple "tc[ifb1]ingress"
ip link set dev ifb0 up
ip link set dev ifb1 up
$TC qdisc add dev eth1 root handle 1: htb default 2
$TC class add dev eth1 parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 2Mbit
$TC class add dev eth1 parent 1: classid 1:2 htb rate 10Mbit
$TC filter add dev eth1 parent 1: protocol ip prio 1 u32 \
match ip protocol 1 0xff flowid 1:1 \
action simple "tc[eth1]egress" pipe \
action mirred egress redirect dev ifb0
$TC qdisc add dev eth1 ingress
$TC filter add dev eth1 parent ffff: protocol ip prio 1 u32 \
match ip protocol 1 0xff \
action simple "tc[eth1]ingress" pipe \
action mirred egress redirect dev ifb1