我已经从 USB 启动一段时间了，每次我重新启动或关机后启动时，启动脚本（grub？）都会卡住。似乎 USB 驱动器在脚本的某个时刻被卸载了，我必须将其物理移除并重新放入。当我这样做时，一切都正常进行。我花了一段时间才弄清楚我必须这样做，但现在我知道了，我发现这很烦人。我希望它启动时我不需要做任何事情，只需按下电源按钮或从终端重新启动即可。
我是个业余爱好者，真的不知道从哪里开始。回答这个问题对社区有什么帮助？
首先，以下是相关结果dmesg | less：
[ 8.480549] xhci_hcd 0000:00:10.0: Command completion event does not match command
[ 8.480577] xhci_hcd 0000:00:10.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[ 13.691888] xhci_hcd 0000:00:10.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[ 13.927619] usb 6-2: device not accepting address 2, error -62
[ 14.071777] usb 6-2: new SuperSpeed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd
[ 14.124771] usb 6-2: New USB device found, idVendor=0781, idProduct=5583
[ 14.159833] usb 6-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 14.194996] usb 6-2: Product: Ultra Fit
[ 14.229838] usb 6-2: Manufacturer: SanDisk
[ 14.264258] usb 6-2: SerialNumber: 4C530001050109104530
[ 14.305206] usb-storage 6-2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 14.340050] scsi4 : usb-storage 6-2:1.0
[ 14.373775] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 14.409265] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[ 15.371253] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access SanDisk Ultra Fit 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 15.404649] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0
[ 15.436657] sd 4:0:0:0: [sde] 60751872 512-byte logical blocks: (31.1 GB/28.9 GiB)
[ 15.469096] sd 4:0:0:0: [sde] Write Protect is off
[ 15.499375] sd 4:0:0:0: [sde] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 15.499924] sd 4:0:0:0: [sde] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 15.557688] sde: sde1 sde2 < sde5 >
[ 15.588601] sd 4:0:0:0: [sde] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 15.618843] random: nonblocking pool is initialized
[ 16.104407] EXT4-fs (dm-0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
大约在 8.5 到 13 秒之间，我取出了拇指驱动器然后将其推回。
4月17日更新
这是 grug.cfg 的内容，如果有帮助的话。
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="0"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
font=unicode
else
insmod part_msdos
insmod lvm
insmod ext2
set root='lvmid/DehE9E-YFth-qqZG-idrN-dOst-z0ri-jpUQRt/HA1lXV-84rk-flfT-yY1A-4g4s-q6t0-QCwfeE'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='lvmid/DehE9E-YFth-qqZG-idrN-dOst-z0ri-jpUQRt/HA1lXV-84rk-flfT-yY1A-4g4s-q6t0-QCwfeE' e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477
fi
font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi
if loadfont $font ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
set timeout=-1
else
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=menu
set timeout=2
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
set timeout=2
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30,0; then
clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
set gfxpayload="${1}"
if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
else
set vt_handoff=
fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd4,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos1 f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
fi
linux /vmlinuz-3.16.0-34-generic root=/dev/mapper/helmsDeep--vg-root ro nomdmonddf nomdmonisw
initrd /initrd.img-3.16.0-34-generic
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-34-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-34-generic-advanced-e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd4,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos1 f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-34-generic ...'
linux /vmlinuz-3.16.0-34-generic root=/dev/mapper/helmsDeep--vg-root ro nomdmonddf nomdmonisw
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd.img-3.16.0-34-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-34-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-34-generic-recovery-e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd4,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos1 f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-34-generic ...'
linux /vmlinuz-3.16.0-34-generic root=/dev/mapper/helmsDeep--vg-root ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd.img-3.16.0-34-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-33-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-33-generic-advanced-e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd4,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos1 f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-33-generic ...'
linux /vmlinuz-3.16.0-33-generic root=/dev/mapper/helmsDeep--vg-root ro nomdmonddf nomdmonisw
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd.img-3.16.0-33-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-33-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-33-generic-recovery-e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd4,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos1 f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-33-generic ...'
linux /vmlinuz-3.16.0-33-generic root=/dev/mapper/helmsDeep--vg-root ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd.img-3.16.0-33-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-31-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-31-generic-advanced-e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd4,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos1 f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-31-generic ...'
linux /vmlinuz-3.16.0-31-generic root=/dev/mapper/helmsDeep--vg-root ro nomdmonddf nomdmonisw
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd.img-3.16.0-31-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-31-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-31-generic-recovery-e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd4,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos1 f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-31-generic ...'
linux /vmlinuz-3.16.0-31-generic root=/dev/mapper/helmsDeep--vg-root ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd.img-3.16.0-31-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-30-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-30-generic-advanced-e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd4,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos1 f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-30-generic ...'
linux /vmlinuz-3.16.0-30-generic root=/dev/mapper/helmsDeep--vg-root ro nomdmonddf nomdmonisw
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd.img-3.16.0-30-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-30-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-30-generic-recovery-e001841d-4c87-4b8f-bb0e-9736fb792477' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd4,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos1 f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-30-generic ...'
linux /vmlinuz-3.16.0-30-generic root=/dev/mapper/helmsDeep--vg-root ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd.img-3.16.0-30-generic
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd4,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos1 f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
fi
knetbsd /memtest86+.elf
}
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd4,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd4,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd4,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci4,msdos1 f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054
fi
linux16 /memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
更新 2，2015 年 4 月 17 日
gparted --list
这是看起来不利的输出。
gparted --list：
gparted --list
======================
libparted : 2.3
======================
(gpartedbin:3831): GLib-CRITICAL **: Source ID 7 was not found when attempting to remove it
(gpartedbin:3831): GLib-CRITICAL **: Source ID 6 was not found when attempting to remove it
(gpartedbin:3831): GLib-CRITICAL **: Source ID 26 was not found when attempting to remove it
(gpartedbin:3831): GLib-CRITICAL **: Source ID 25 was not found when attempting to remove it
(gpartedbin:3831): GLib-CRITICAL **: Source ID 29 was not found when attempting to remove it
(gpartedbin:3831): GLib-CRITICAL **: Source ID 28 was not found when attempting to remove it
(gpartedbin:3831): GLib-CRITICAL **: Source ID 34 was not found when attempting to remove it
(gpartedbin:3831): GLib-CRITICAL **: Source ID 33 was not found when attempting to remove it
(gpartedbin:3831): GLib-CRITICAL **: Source ID 38 was not found when attempting to remove it
(gpartedbin:3831): GLib-CRITICAL **: Source ID 37 was not found when attempting to remove it
Could not stat device --list - No such file or directory.
更新 3，2015 年 4 月 17 日
我的 fstab 文件：
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
/dev/mapper/helmsDeep--vg-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sdc1 during installation
UUID=f7a56792-f935-40e0-b299-9cb3f5977054 /boot ext2 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/helmsDeep--vg-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0
答案1
我曾经在一台磁盘枚举不一致的机器上看到过这种行为。生成的 grub.cfg 有错误的磁盘号，直到拔下 USB 并重新插入后才起作用，强制使用新的磁盘号，然后才能正常工作。查看您的 grub.cfg 并尝试编辑 hd 号。当 USB 正常工作时，它被赋予 sde，因此请尝试 hd4。运行后，您可以尝试使用
sudo update-grub
但由于这通常是时间问题，所以不能保证一切都是永久的。另外，您可以尝试另一个 USB，我的只有一个 USB 出现了问题，所以可能是速度慢了什么的。