尽管阅读了许多有关该主题的教程并做了（我认为）所有必要的事情，但我仍在努力让 perf_events 为我提供带有符号的堆栈跟踪。我的本地安装的 perf（详细信息如下）可能以某种方式出现了问题？无论如何，这就是我所做的：
main.cpp 是一个简单的 C++ 程序，它调用同一文件中定义的几个函数，分配一些内存并释放它，然后打印一些内容。
编译命令：
gcc -std=c++11 -lstdc++ main.cpp -Og -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-inline -o arr_test
配置文件命令：
perf record -a -g -- ./arr_test && perf report --stdio
我确实收到以下有关内核符号的警告，但我认为这并不重要，因为我现在只关心应用程序中的符号：
[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.052 MB perf.data (~2285 samples) ]
[kernel.kallsyms] with build id e22966849c48748782a1be4fe0ce94db6838b806 not found, continuing without symbols
[kernel.kallsyms] with build id e22966849c48748782a1be4fe0ce94db6838b806 not found, continuing without symbols
Warning:
Kernel address maps (/proc/{kallsyms,modules}) were restricted.
Check /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict before running 'perf record'.
As no suitable kallsyms nor vmlinux was found, kernel samples
can't be resolved.
Samples in kernel modules can't be resolved as well.
这是输出的片段：
# Overhead Command Shared Object
# ........ ........ .................
#
83.27% arr_test arr_test
|
|--34.12%-- 0x400908
| 0x7fe72b381ec5
|
|--10.48%-- 0x400903
| 0x7fe72b381ec5
|
|--10.08%-- 0x4008b8
| 0x7fe72b381ec5
|
|--9.22%-- 0x4008e5
| 0x7fe72b381ec5
|
|--9.05%-- 0x4008da
| 0x7fe72b381ec5
|
|--8.49%-- 0x4008f0
| 0x7fe72b381ec5
|
|--6.87%-- 0x4008d5
| 0x7fe72b381ec5
|
|--6.23%-- 0x4008c2
| 0x7fe72b381ec5
|
|--4.76%-- 0x4008fd
| 0x7fe72b381ec5
--0.70%-- [...]
8.02% arr_test [kernel.kallsyms]
|
|--4.87%-- 0xffffffff81140b64
| 0xffffffff81146646
| 0xffffffff81182751
| 0xffffffff811829eb
| 0xffffffff8173317d
| 0x7fe72bab86a7
| 0x7fe72baa7e00
文件信息（显示“未剥离”）：
$ file arr_test
arr_test: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, not stripped
有关我的性能安装的详细信息（这些警告是否会阻止我在堆栈中看到符号？）
Auto-detecting system features:
... backtrace: [ on ]
... dwarf: [ OFF ]
... fortify-source: [ on ]
... glibc: [ on ]
... gtk2: [ on ]
... gtk2-infobar: [ on ]
... libaudit: [ OFF ]
... libbfd: [ OFF ]
... libelf: [ OFF ]
... libelf-getphdrnum: [ OFF ]
... libelf-mmap: [ OFF ]
... libnuma: [ on ]
... libperl: [ on ]
... libpython: [ on ]
... libpython-version: [ on ]
... libslang: [ on ]
... libunwind: [ OFF ]
... on-exit: [ on ]
... stackprotector: [ on ]
... stackprotector-all: [ on ]
... timerfd: [ on ]
config/Makefile:264: No libelf found, disables 'probe' tool, please install elfutils-libelf-devel/libelf-dev
config/Makefile:329: No libunwind found, disabling post unwind support. Please install libunwind-dev[el] >= 1.1
config/Makefile:354: No libaudit.h found, disables 'trace' tool, please install audit-libs-devel or libaudit-dev
如何在 perf 中找到我的符号？
答案1
我正在使用更多调试选项进行编译：
-Og -ggdb3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer
然后，当我记录时，我没有使用 -a 选项（应该监视所有系统进程），我正在使用
perf record -e cycles -g --call-graph fp -- ./your_app your_args
最后，展示我正在使用的结果
perf report -g graph
输出看起来像预期的那样（注意，我使用的是 debian 9 并且性能报告输出是基于 ncurses 的）
- 92.18% 0.00% stsm stsm [.] main ◆
- main ▒
- 91.77% STSM::run ▒
+ 56.86% STSM::generateCandidates ▒
- 25.22% STSM::detectBlocksOfAllSolidSequences ▒
+ 23.42% STSM::detectSolidSequenceBlocksFromSolidSequence ▒
0.81% Segment::unify ▒
+ 5.25% STSM::updateKernelsOfAllCandidates ▒
1.80% RangedSequence::range ▒
+ 1.45% STSM::updateMatchingPositions ▒
0.99% Segment::intersects ▒
+ 92.18% 0.00% stsm libc-2.24.so [.] __libc_start_main ▒
+ 92.18% 0.00% stsm [unknown] [k] 0x4d96258d4c544155 ▒
+ 91.77% 0.00% stsm stsm [.] STSM::run ▒
+ 56.86% 6.74% stsm stsm [.] STSM::generateCandidates ▒
+ 49.99% 49.99% stsm stsm [.] Segment::intersects ▒
+ 25.22% 0.00% stsm stsm [.] STSM::detectBlocksOfAllSolidSequences
答案2
这是一个古老的话题，但我确信它仍然发生在数百人身上，并且因为这个 StackExchange 问题仍然在 Google 结果中显示很高，所以我分享在 StackOverflow 上找到的对我有用的答案：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33137543/linux-perf-top-kernel-symbol-not-found
基本上：
开始性能记录之前
echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict
还可能需要设置这些
适用于 RHEL/CentOS/Fedora/等
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel libunwind-devel audit-libs-devel slang-devel
或者对于 Debian/Ubuntu/etc
apt-get install libelf-dev libunwind-dev libaudit-dev libslang-dev