如何将“变量”设置为某些 CLI 程序的命令行参数。
我以前在 centos 上是这样做的：
set var = "-x"
someprogram $var --other-parameters
我如何在 ubuntu 上执行此操作？
这是我正在使用的 shell 脚本：
#!/bin/csh
#####
# Define Mercalli projection: Center_lon/Center_Lat/Plot_Width
#####
set PROJ = "-Jm1.4"
#####
# Define map bounds: MINLON/MAXLON/MINLAT/MAXLAT
#####
#set REG = "-R38.0/47.0/34.0/37.0"
set REG = "-R40.0/49.0/28.0/38.0"
/bin/rm gmt.ps
######
# cut region from "middlEST.grd" and name "map.grd"
######
#grdcut middlEST.grd -Gmap.grd $REG
grdcut topo1.grd -Gmap.grd $REG
grdcut topo1.grd -R-38/-49/28/38 -Gnecar.grd
grdcut topo1.norm -R-38/-49/28/38 -Gnecar.grd
######
# Compute the gradient of topography
######
grdgradient map.grd -Gmap1.grd -A0 -Nt1.0 -V -M
#grdgradient map.grd -Gmap1.grd -A0 -Ne0.5 -V -M
######
# USING grdhsuteq
######
grdhisteq map1.grd -Gmap2.grd -N
######
# USING grdmath
######
grdmath map2.grd 0.1 MUL = map2.grd
######
# plot topography in 2-D color using "relief1.cpt, relief2.cpt, topo.cpt, or globe.cpt";
# write to postscript file; remove map.grd
######
grdimage map.grd -Ctopo.cpt $REG $PROJ -Imap2.grd -V -K > gmt.ps
#grdimage map.grd -Crelief1.cpt $REG $PROJ -Imap2.grd -V -K > gmt.ps
#grdimage map.grd -Crelief2.cpt $REG $PROJ -Imap2.grd -V -K > gmt.ps
#grdimage map.grd -Cglobe.cpt $REG $PROJ -Imap2.grd -V -K > gmt.ps
/bin/rm map.grd
######
# to plot coastlines, pscoast options:
# -Rw/e/s/n : the map boundarys
# -K : allow more operations to add into current map "map.ps"
# -O : overlay current operation to map "map.ps"
# projections:
# -Jx ==> black-white frame
# -Jb ==> no black_white frame only major tick marks
# -Jm : mecator projection
# (1.40: the number following the projection option means 1.4 inch
# for 1 degree)
#
# -S : symbol
# -Sc circle
# -Sa star
# -Sd diamond
# -Si inverted triangle
# -St triangle
# -Ss square
#
# -G200 : fill the inner area of symbol with 200 in gray scale
# (0-255) (black-white)
# -Gr/g/b : fill with color; 3 elementary color REG GREEN BLUE in scale
# (0-255) (dark-bright)
#
# -P : portrait
#
# -D : resolution (f=full, h=high, i=intermediate)
#
# -B : border
# 10: write number every 10 degree
# f5: plot ticks every 5 degree
#
# -L : plots the map scale
#
# -W3 : the coast line width is 3 (pts.)
#
# -I : plot river
#
# -S : fill the "wet" land with color (e.g. lake)
#
# -N : plot plotical boundary 1=national 2=state
######
######
# plot coastline:
######
pscoast $REG $PROJ -P -Df -B1f1 -Na/5/0/0/0 \
-L40.00/28.80/33.40/300 \
-S150/225/255 -V -O -K >> gmt.ps
######
#PLOT FAULTS BY USING FAULTS.car file
######
#psxy FAULTS.car -P $REG $PROJ -O -Sc0.04 -W0/0/255 -G0/0/255 -V -K >> gmt.ps
######
# PLOT Numan's Tectonic Divisions
######
#psxy Numan.txt -P $REG $PROJ -O -Sc0.03 -W255/0/0 -G255/0/0 -V -K >> gmt.ps
#####
# PLOT BEACH-BALLS
#####
# Plot Beach-Ball of Focal Mechanism Solutions (FMS) accordinc to -Scscale
# FMS.txt has solutions of many events. Each solution include:
# Long Lat Depth Strike-1 Dip-1 Rake-1 Strike-2 Dip-2 Rake-2 Mantissa Exponent NewLong NewLat Title
# If you have Mo=2.2e+21 dyne-cm, that means Mantissa=2.2 and Exponent=21
# Note that, you need to modify NewLong and NewLat if you want to place a Beach-Ball in a specific place in the figure.
# If you want to place a Beach-Ball in the same location type 0 0 or -c insteade of NewLong NewLat.
# The -: option will intercahnge the order of Long Lat and NewLong NewLat.
# Title is optional
######
#psmeca FMPAPER.txt -P $REG $PROJ -O -: -Sc1 -G0 -W1p -K -V >> gmt.ps
#psmeca FMPAPER.txt -P $REG $PROJ -O -: -Sc1 -G0 -W1p -CP0.2 -K -V >> gmt.ps
#psvelomeca FMS.txt -P $REG $PROJ -O -: -Sc1 -G0 -W1p -K -V >> gmt.ps
#psvelomeca needs lon lat strike dip rake Mw
######
# PLOT STRESS CROSSES
######
#psvelo STRESS-P.txt $REG $PROJ -Sx0.2 -W3/255/0/0 -V -O -K -: EOF >> gmt.ps
######
# PLOT EARTHQUAKES
######
#psxy SEISMISITY.txt -P $REG $PROJ -O -: -Sc0.15 -W0 -G255/0/0 -V -K >> gmt.ps
######
# plot text: state, city names
######
# pen positions for text:
# (center)
# |
# (lower right-justified) 11 10 9 (lower left-justified)
# (middle " " ) 7 6 5 (middle " " )
# (upper " " ) 3 2 1 (upper " " )
#
# column:
# 1=lat 2=lon 3=point size 4=text angle 5=font 6=pen position 7=text
######
pstext $REG $PROJ -V -O -: <<EOF>> gmt.ps
37.50 41.00 18 0.0 1 6 TURKEY
35.00 39.50 20 35.0 1 6 SYRIA
33.00 42.98 22 0.0 1 6 I R A Q
34.00 47.50 22 -40.0 1 6 IRAN
30.00 41.00 16 -30.0 1 6 S A U D I A R A B I A
29.50 48.00 13.5 0.0 1 6 KUWAIT
32.50 38.50 13 60 11 6 JORDAaN
#36.90 44.60 12 0.0 1 6 1
#36.75 44.30 12 0.0 1 6 2A
#36.40 44.20 12 0.0 1 6 2B
#35.70 43.80 12 0.0 1 6 2C
#33.80 44.00 12 0.0 1 6 3
#34.40 42.60 12 0.0 1 6 3
#34.90 41.80 12 0.0 1 6 3
EOF
exit 0
######
# plot color topo scale
######
#psscale -D17/4/8/1 -Ccpt.relief -B500 -O -S -K>>gmt.ps
我收到一个语法错误：
sudo sh IRAQ1
grdcut: Syntax error: Must specify only one of the -R, -S or the -Z options
grdcut: Syntax error -R option. Correct syntax:
-R<xmin>/<xmax>/<ymin>/<ymax>[/<zmin>/<zmax>]
Append r if giving lower left and upper right coordinates
-Rg or -Rd for global domain
-R<grdfile> to take the domain from a grid file
grdcut: Syntax error -R option. Correct syntax:
-R<xmin>/<xmax>/<ymin>/<ymax>[/<zmin>/<zmax>]
Append r if giving lower left and upper right coordinates
-Rg or -Rd for global domain
-R<grdfile> to take the domain from a grid file
grdgradient: Error for input file: No such file (map.grd)
grdgradient: Warning: Option -M is deprecated; -fg was set instead, use this in the future.
grdgradient: Syntax error: Must specify input file
grdimage: Error for input file: No such file (map.grd)
grdimage: Syntax error: Must specify a map projection with the -J option
grdimage: Syntax error: Must specify one (or three) input file(s)
/bin/rm: cannot remove ‘map.grd’: No such file or directory
pscoast: Warning: 5/0/0/0 not a valid number and may not be decoded properly.
pscoast: Error: Your -Dg reference point coordinates require both -R -J to be specified
pscoast: Syntax error: Must specify -R option
pscoast: Syntax error: Must specify a map projection with the -J option
pstext: Syntax error: Must specify -R option
pstext: Syntax error: Must specify a map projection with the -J option
答案1
您的脚本使用了csh语法，因此它不是有效sh脚本。对此的最小修复方法是使用sudo csh而不是sudo sh。
但是，csh由于一些原因，它并不是很受欢迎；也许正确的解决方法是用bash（甚至是可移植的 POSIX sh）语法重写你的脚本。
除此之外，set您的脚本中似乎没有任何具体使用csh功能的内容。sh设置变量的语法是
PROJ="-Jm1.4"
REG="-R40.0/49.0/28.0/38.0"
缺少set关键字和等号周围缺少空格都是重大且重要的变化。
还有许多选项错误（我推测）是由于使用了不同版本的程序造成的。我不熟悉这些工具，因此无法建议是否升级、降级或替换它们。切换到csh而不是sh不会改变您可以在这些程序中使用的选项。也许您需要发布一个单独的问题，其中包含更多背景信息——这些脚本是为grdcut、grdgradient、grdimage、pscoast等的哪些pstext版本编写的，您现在安装了哪些版本，以及/或者您的脚本实际上试图完成什么。
答案2
我假设你没有运行，csh但是bash。你可以输入来查看你正在运行的 shell 类型echo $SHELL。
您可以切换到 C-Shell 以获得与以前一样的所有内容，或者您可以调整脚本以适应 Bash。
要在 Bash 中定义变量，不需要关键字set：
my_message="hello"
echo "$my_message"