我刚买了一台新的华硕 F556U 系列笔记本电脑，其dmidecode标识为 X556UJ。
System Information
Manufacturer: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC.
Product Name: X556UJ
Version: 1.0
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: ASUS-NotebookSKU
Family: X
我把Ubuntu 16.04之前那台（现已损坏的）笔记本电脑上的安装转移到了这台笔记本电脑上。
启动冻结
在启动时我经常会遇到随机冻结：基本上，在通常的 Ubuntu 启动画面之后，X 不会启动并且屏幕将保持空白。
电源管理问题
挂起到内存也会冻结系统。此外，当笔记本电脑通过电源线充电时，电池指示器从不显示，它总是假设它正在用电池充电，即使事实并非如此。
我不知道这是否与问题有关，但这是我在 /var/log/kern.log 中发现的
[ 41.430855] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 41.430871] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 214 at /build/linux-kEu4j9/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_irq.c:1317 drm_wait_one_vblank+0x17b/0x1c0 [drm]()
[ 41.430872] vblank not available on crtc 0, ret=-22
[ 41.430890] Modules linked in: pci_stub vboxpci(OE) vboxnetadp(OE) vboxnetflt(OE) vboxdrv(OE) binfmt_misc rtsx_usb_ms memstick nvidia_uvm(POE) nvidia_mod
eset(POE) nvidia(POE) uvcvideo videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_memops videobuf2_v4l2 videobuf2_core v4l2_common videodev media btusb btrtl snd_soc_skl arc4 snd_soc_skl_ipc rtl8723be snd_hda_ext_core btc
oexist rtl8723_common snd_soc_sst_ipc snd_soc_sst_dsp snd_soc_core intel_rapl rtl_pci rtlwifi snd_hda_codec_hdmi x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp snd_compress ac97_bus coretemp snd_pcm_dmaengin
e snd_hda_codec_realtek dw_dmac_core snd_hda_codec_generic crct10dif_pclmul snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec crc32_pclmul snd_hda_core joydev mac80211 aesni_intel asus_nb_wmi asus_wmi sparse_keymap mxm_w
mi snd_hwdep cfg80211 aes_x86_64 i2c_designware_platform i2c_designware_core snd_pcm snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event lrw gf128mul glue_helper snd_rawmidi ablk_helper snd_seq wmi cryptd snd_seq_devic
e snd_timer elan_i2c snd input_leds serio_raw kvm_intel kvm intel_lpss_acpi irqbypass int3403_thermal processor_thermal_device idma64 virt_dma hci_uart btbcm btqca int3402_thermal btintel mei_me blu
etooth soundcore acpi_pad intel_lpss_pci intel_lpss mei shpchp int3400_thermal int340x_thermal_zone acpi_thermal_rel tpm_crb intel_soc_dts_iosf mac_hid cuse parport_pc ppdev nfsd lp auth_rpcgss nfs_
acl lockd grace sunrpc parport autofs4 hid_generic usbhid rtsx_usb_sdmmc rtsx_usb uas usb_storage i915_bpo intel_ips i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt fb_sys_fops r8169 d
rm mii ahci libahci i2c_hid hid pinctrl_sunrisepoint pinctrl_intel video fjes
[ 41.430910] CPU: 2 PID: 214 Comm: plymouthd Tainted: P OE 4.4.0-25-generic #44-Ubuntu
[ 41.430911] Hardware name: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. X556UJ/X556UJ, BIOS X556UJ.404 05/09/2016
[ 41.430913] 0000000000000286 00000000764b65d7 ffff880035a3b710 ffffffff813eb103
[ 41.430913] ffff880035a3b758 ffffffffc00b6ae8 ffff880035a3b748 ffffffff81081102
[ 41.430914] ffff8800359e5000 0000000000000000 ffff88003542d800 ffff8800359e5368
[ 41.430914] Call Trace:
[ 41.430918] [<ffffffff813eb103>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 41.430920] [<ffffffff81081102>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 41.430921] [<ffffffff8108119c>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 41.430928] [<ffffffffc0087054>] ? drm_vblank_get+0x74/0xc0 [drm]
[ 41.430933] [<ffffffffc00872ab>] drm_wait_one_vblank+0x17b/0x1c0 [drm]
[ 41.430956] [<ffffffffc01c7720>] ? gen9_write16+0x380/0x380 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.430968] [<ffffffffc01c7720>] ? gen9_write16+0x380/0x380 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.430977] [<ffffffffc0179b6a>] skl_update_wm+0x4ba/0x5f0 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.430986] [<ffffffffc017d55e>] intel_update_watermarks+0x1e/0x30 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.431000] [<ffffffffc01e9571>] haswell_crtc_enable+0x321/0x8c0 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.431013] [<ffffffffc01e5f28>] intel_atomic_commit+0x5f8/0xdc0 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.431023] [<ffffffffc00a07de>] ? drm_atomic_check_only+0x18e/0x590 [drm]
[ 41.431031] [<ffffffffc00a0c17>] drm_atomic_commit+0x37/0x60 [drm]
[ 41.431037] [<ffffffffc01376ff>] restore_fbdev_mode+0x22f/0x260 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 41.431046] [<ffffffffc009f4aa>] ? drm_modeset_lock_all_ctx+0x9a/0xb0 [drm]
[ 41.431050] [<ffffffffc01398d3>] drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked+0x33/0x80 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 41.431053] [<ffffffffc013994d>] drm_fb_helper_set_par+0x2d/0x50 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 41.431066] [<ffffffffc01fbafa>] intel_fbdev_set_par+0x1a/0x60 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.431068] [<ffffffff8146e416>] fb_set_var+0x236/0x460
[ 41.431071] [<ffffffff810b341a>] ? select_idle_sibling+0x2a/0x120
[ 41.431072] [<ffffffff810b8b34>] ? enqueue_task_fair+0xa4/0x8b0
[ 41.431073] [<ffffffff810b3b35>] ? select_task_rq_fair+0x625/0x700
[ 41.431075] [<ffffffff813b71a3>] ? __blk_run_queue+0x33/0x40
[ 41.431076] [<ffffffff8146470f>] fbcon_blank+0x30f/0x350
[ 41.431078] [<ffffffff814fb833>] do_unblank_screen+0xd3/0x1a0
[ 41.431080] [<ffffffff814f0e9a>] vt_ioctl+0x50a/0x12f0
[ 41.431085] [<ffffffffc0085779>] ? drm_ioctl+0x189/0x540 [drm]
[ 41.431087] [<ffffffff814e436f>] tty_ioctl+0x35f/0xc40
[ 41.431089] [<ffffffff818269f9>] ? schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock+0xb9/0x1b0
[ 41.431091] [<ffffffff8125615b>] ? ep_poll+0x37b/0x3d0
[ 41.431093] [<ffffffff81220acf>] do_vfs_ioctl+0x29f/0x490
[ 41.431094] [<ffffffff810ac010>] ? wake_up_q+0x70/0x70
[ 41.431095] [<ffffffff81220d39>] SyS_ioctl+0x79/0x90
[ 41.431095] [<ffffffff818275f2>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x16/0x71
[ 41.431096] ---[ end trace ec72379fbbe6d3b1 ]---
然后再次：
[ 41.446577] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 41.446588] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 214 at /build/linux-kEu4j9/linux-4.4.0/ubuntu/i915/intel_pm.c:3586 skl_update_other_pipe_wm+0x16c/0x180 [i915_bpo]()
[ 41.446589] WARN_ON(!wm_changed)
[ 41.446600] Modules linked in: pci_stub vboxpci(OE) vboxnetadp(OE) vboxnetflt(OE) vboxdrv(OE) binfmt_misc rtsx_usb_ms memstick nvidia_uvm(POE) nvidia_modeset(POE) nvidia(POE) uvcvideo videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_memops videobuf2_v4l2 videobuf2_core v4l2_common videodev media btusb btrtl snd_soc_skl arc4 snd_soc_skl_ipc rtl8723be snd_hda_ext_core btcoexist rtl8723_common snd_soc_sst_ipc snd_soc_sst_dsp snd_soc_core intel_rapl rtl_pci rtlwifi snd_hda_codec_hdmi x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp snd_compress ac97_bus coretemp snd_pcm_dmaengine snd_hda_codec_realtek dw_dmac_core snd_hda_codec_generic crct10dif_pclmul snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec crc32_pclmul snd_hda_core joydev mac80211 aesni_intel asus_nb_wmi asus_wmi sparse_keymap mxm_wmi snd_hwdep cfg80211 aes_x86_64 i2c_designware_platform i2c_designware_core snd_pcm snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event lrw gf128mul glue_helper snd_rawmidi ablk_helper snd_seq wmi cryptd snd_seq_device snd_timer elan_i2c snd input_leds serio_raw kvm_intel kvm intel_lpss_acpi irqbypass int3403_thermal processor_thermal_device idma64 virt_dma hci_uart btbcm btqca int3402_thermal btintel mei_me bluetooth soundcore acpi_pad intel_lpss_pci intel_lpss mei shpchp int3400_thermal int340x_thermal_zone acpi_thermal_rel tpm_crb intel_soc_dts_iosf mac_hid cuse parport_pc ppdev nfsd lp auth_rpcgss nfs_acl lockd grace sunrpc parport autofs4 hid_generic usbhid rtsx_usb_sdmmc rtsx_usb uas usb_storage i915_bpo intel_ips i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt fb_sys_fops r8169 drm mii ahci libahci i2c_hid hid pinctrl_sunrisepoint pinctrl_intel video fjes
[ 41.446614] CPU: 2 PID: 214 Comm: plymouthd Tainted: P W OE 4.4.0-25-generic #44-Ubuntu
[ 41.446614] Hardware name: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. X556UJ/X556UJ, BIOS X556UJ.404 05/09/2016
[ 41.446615] 0000000000000286 00000000764b65d7 ffff880035a3b690 ffffffff813eb103
[ 41.446616] ffff880035a3b6d8 ffffffffc0247c98 ffff880035a3b6c8 ffffffff81081102
[ 41.446617] ffff88006a530000 ffff8800355b9d9c ffff88006a531000 ffff8800359e5378
[ 41.446617] Call Trace:
[ 41.446619] [<ffffffff813eb103>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 41.446620] [<ffffffff81081102>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 41.446621] [<ffffffff8108119c>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 41.446630] [<ffffffffc017969c>] skl_update_other_pipe_wm+0x16c/0x180 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.446639] [<ffffffffc0179836>] skl_update_wm+0x186/0x5f0 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.446653] [<ffffffffc02054ff>] ? intel_ddi_enable_transcoder_func+0x17f/0x260 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.446662] [<ffffffffc017d55e>] intel_update_watermarks+0x1e/0x30 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.446675] [<ffffffffc01e9571>] haswell_crtc_enable+0x321/0x8c0 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.446688] [<ffffffffc01d5bee>] ? intel_finish_crtc_commit+0xe/0x10 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.446692] [<ffffffffc0136434>] ? drm_atomic_helper_commit_planes_on_crtc+0x154/0x270 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 41.446705] [<ffffffffc01e5f28>] intel_atomic_commit+0x5f8/0xdc0 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.446714] [<ffffffffc00a07de>] ? drm_atomic_check_only+0x18e/0x590 [drm]
[ 41.446722] [<ffffffffc00a0c17>] drm_atomic_commit+0x37/0x60 [drm]
[ 41.446727] [<ffffffffc01376ff>] restore_fbdev_mode+0x22f/0x260 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 41.446735] [<ffffffffc009f4aa>] ? drm_modeset_lock_all_ctx+0x9a/0xb0 [drm]
[ 41.446739] [<ffffffffc01398d3>] drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked+0x33/0x80 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 41.446742] [<ffffffffc013994d>] drm_fb_helper_set_par+0x2d/0x50 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 41.446755] [<ffffffffc01fbafa>] intel_fbdev_set_par+0x1a/0x60 [i915_bpo]
[ 41.446756] [<ffffffff8146e416>] fb_set_var+0x236/0x460
[ 41.446758] [<ffffffff810b341a>] ? select_idle_sibling+0x2a/0x120
[ 41.446759] [<ffffffff810b8b34>] ? enqueue_task_fair+0xa4/0x8b0
[ 41.446760] [<ffffffff810b3b35>] ? select_task_rq_fair+0x625/0x700
[ 41.446761] [<ffffffff813b71a3>] ? __blk_run_queue+0x33/0x40
[ 41.446763] [<ffffffff8146470f>] fbcon_blank+0x30f/0x350
[ 41.446764] [<ffffffff814fb833>] do_unblank_screen+0xd3/0x1a0
[ 41.446765] [<ffffffff814f0e9a>] vt_ioctl+0x50a/0x12f0
[ 41.446771] [<ffffffffc0085779>] ? drm_ioctl+0x189/0x540 [drm]
[ 41.446772] [<ffffffff814e436f>] tty_ioctl+0x35f/0xc40
[ 41.446774] [<ffffffff818269f9>] ? schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock+0xb9/0x1b0
[ 41.446775] [<ffffffff8125615b>] ? ep_poll+0x37b/0x3d0
[ 41.446776] [<ffffffff81220acf>] do_vfs_ioctl+0x29f/0x490
[ 41.446776] [<ffffffff810ac010>] ? wake_up_q+0x70/0x70
[ 41.446777] [<ffffffff81220d39>] SyS_ioctl+0x79/0x90
[ 41.446778] [<ffffffff818275f2>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x16/0x71
[ 41.446779] ---[ end trace ec72379fbbe6d3b2 ]---
然后打印出以下内容：
[ 42.991165] bbswitch: version 0.8
[ 42.991171] bbswitch: Found integrated VGA device 0000:00:02.0: \_SB_.PCI0.GFX0
[ 42.991175] bbswitch: Found discrete VGA device 0000:01:00.0: \_SB_.PCI0.RP01.PEGP
[ 42.991183] ACPI Warning: \_SB_.PCI0.RP01.PEGP._DSM: Argument #4 type mismatch - Found [Buffer], ACPI requires [Package] (20150930/nsarguments-95)
[ 42.991236] bbswitch: detected an Optimus _DSM function
[ 42.991243] bbswitch: Succesfully loaded. Discrete card 0000:01:00.0 is on
随后，笔记本电脑要么冻结，要么继续启动。
我安装了 Ubuntu 提供的专有 Nvidia 驱动程序，但即使没有它们也会出现同样的问题。
注意我必须将该pci=noaer选项添加到内核，否则会出现错误报告中描述的大量消息#1521173。