我负责维护一些个人电脑。其中一台是旧的戴尔笔记本电脑，之前使用的是 Windows XP。Windows XP WiFi 驱动程序可以正常工作，但 Lubuntu 无法安装专有驱动程序。从那时起，WiFi 就不再工作了。在我尝试重新安装 BCM4318 的 bc43 驱动程序后，我收到了几个错误，仍然无法连接到网络。有线网络是可行的，并且工作正常。
从我认为与驱动程序不兼容的设备开始
lspci 的一部分：
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Limited BCM4401-B0 100Base-TX (rev 02)
Subsystem: Dell BCM4401-B0 100Base-TX
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 64
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 18
Region 0: Memory at dfbfc000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: b44
Kernel modules: b44
02:03.0 Network controller: Broadcom Limited BCM4318 [AirForce One 54g] 802.11g Wireless LAN Controller (rev 02)
Subsystem: Dell Wireless 1370 WLAN Mini-PCI Card
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 64
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 17
Region 0: Memory at dfbfe000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Kernel driver in use: b43-pci-bridge
Kernel modules: ssb, wl
名称解析：
# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
nameserver 127.0.1.1
search fritz.box
对于 wlan0 来说 route -n 为空
对于 wpa_supplicant 配置，我复制了默认配置并根据网络更改了网络。
network={
ssid="TheSSID"
psk="ThePSK"
}
该设备在 /sys/class/net/wlan0 下可见，但它从未发送或接收数据。
wlan0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:16:ce:13:6b:07 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
接口：
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
metric 10
Ping 127.0.0.1 成功。Ping 任何人 - 网络不可达。
Module Size Used by
b43 397312 0
bcma 53248 1 b43
mac80211 679936 1 b43
mii 16384 1 b44
ssb 57344 2 b43,b44
b44 36864 0
cfg80211 512000 3 wl,b43,mac80211
wl 6152192 0
由于我尝试安装 b43 fwcutter 固件 b43 安装程序（安装过程中一度卡住），现在我有一个内核堆栈跟踪：
[ 7.871943] ---[ end trace 5fef9210590c92d1 ]---
[ 13.418691] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 14.703204] random: crng init done
[ 15.124649] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[ 15.318497] systemd[1]: systemd 231 running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ -LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN)
[ 15.318716] systemd[1]: Detected architecture x86.
[ 15.335972] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <AM01>.
[ 17.151920] systemd[1]: Listening on fsck to fsckd communication Socket.
[ 17.152188] systemd[1]: Listening on Syslog Socket.
[ 17.152281] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket.
[ 17.152324] systemd[1]: Reached target Remote File Systems.
[ 17.152633] systemd[1]: Created slice System Slice.
[ 17.193800] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Modules...
[ 17.206690] systemd[1]: Starting Set the console keyboard layout...
[ 18.121157] lp: driver loaded but no devices found
[ 18.193634] ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
[ 21.957169] EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[ 22.244826] systemd-journald[280]: Received request to flush runtime journal from PID 1
[ 23.990828] intel_rng: FWH not detected
[ 24.286733] shpchp: Standard Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.4
[ 25.416479] dcdbas dcdbas: Dell Systems Management Base Driver (version 5.6.0-3.2)
[ 26.698841] gpio_ich: ACPI BAR is busy, GPI 0 - 15 unavailable
[ 26.699334] gpio_ich: GPIO from 446 to 495 on gpio_ich
[ 27.446029] snd_hda_codec_idt hdaudioC0D0: autoconfig for STAC9200: line_outs=1 (0xe/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0) type:speaker
[ 27.446035] snd_hda_codec_idt hdaudioC0D0: speaker_outs=0 (0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 27.446039] snd_hda_codec_idt hdaudioC0D0: hp_outs=1 (0xd/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 27.446041] snd_hda_codec_idt hdaudioC0D0: mono: mono_out=0x0
[ 27.446043] snd_hda_codec_idt hdaudioC0D0: inputs:
[ 27.446046] snd_hda_codec_idt hdaudioC0D0: Mic=0x10
[ 27.665018] input: HDA Intel Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input7
[ 27.665168] input: HDA Intel Headphone as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input8
[ 29.751314] wl: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
[ 29.751323] wl: module license 'MIXED/Proprietary' taints kernel.
[ 29.751325] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
[ 29.770517] wl: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
[ 31.424692] b43-phy0: Broadcom 4318 WLAN found (core revision 9)
[ 31.468084] b43-phy0: Found PHY: Analog 3, Type 2 (G), Revision 7
[ 31.468107] b43-phy0: Found Radio: Manuf 0x17F, ID 0x2050, Revision 8, Version 0
[ 31.484315] Broadcom 43xx driver loaded [ Features: PNL ]
[ 32.333064] ieee80211 phy0: Selected rate control algorithm 'minstrel_ht'
[ 33.295198] audit: type=1400 audit(1479222648.700:2): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-guest-session" pid=587 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 33.295216] audit: type=1400 audit(1479222648.700:3): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-guest-session//chromium" pid=587 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 33.706084] audit: type=1400 audit(1479222649.112:4): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=611 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 33.706102] audit: type=1400 audit(1479222649.112:5): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=611 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 33.706112] audit: type=1400 audit(1479222649.112:6): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-helper" pid=611 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 33.706121] audit: type=1400 audit(1479222649.112:7): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=611 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 34.705842] audit: type=1400 audit(1479222650.112:8): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/bin/evince" pid=615 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 34.705862] audit: type=1400 audit(1479222650.112:9): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/bin/evince//sanitized_helper" pid=615 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 34.705872] audit: type=1400 audit(1479222650.112:10): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/bin/evince-previewer" pid=615 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 34.705882] audit: type=1400 audit(1479222650.112:11): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/bin/evince-previewer//sanitized_helper" pid=615 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 36.468150] Adding 1037820k swap on /dev/mapper/cryptswap1. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:1037820k FS
[ 37.672053] b43-phy0: Loading firmware version 666.2 (2011-02-23 01:15:07)
[ 37.812176] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready
[ 47.746120] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[ 47.753552] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[ 47.910162] NET: Registered protocol family 4
[ 47.927624] NET: Registered protocol family 5
[ 50.848196] b44 ssb1:0 eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex
[ 50.848200] b44 ssb1:0 eth0: Flow control is off for TX and off for RX
[ 50.848297] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
[ 4463.740167] ISO 9660 Extensions: Microsoft Joliet Level 3
[ 4463.841285] ISOFS: changing to secondary root
[ 4467.840076] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci-pci
[ 4467.989240] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0781, idProduct=5591
[ 4467.989245] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 4467.989248] usb 1-1: Product: Ultra USB 3.0
[ 4467.989251] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SanDisk
[ 4467.989253] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 4C530001080909115001
[ 4468.211301] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 4468.220102] scsi host2: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[ 4468.220203] scsi host2: runtime PM trying to activate child device host2 but parent (1-1:1.0) is not active
[ 4468.220332] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 4468.257284] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[ 4469.251186] scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access SanDisk Ultra USB 3.0 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 4469.257948] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[ 4469.258403] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] 60062500 512-byte logical blocks: (30.8 GB/28.6 GiB)
[ 4469.259780] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[ 4469.259786] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 4469.261788] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 4469.281323] sdb: sdb1
[ 4469.284789] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 4579.371926] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 2
[ 4802.456036] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci-pci
[ 4802.605151] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0781, idProduct=5591
[ 4802.605155] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 4802.605158] usb 1-1: Product: Ultra USB 3.0
[ 4802.605161] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SanDisk
[ 4802.605163] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 4C531001490811105330
[ 4802.610058] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 4802.612673] scsi host2: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[ 4802.612749] scsi host2: runtime PM trying to activate child device host2 but parent (1-1:1.0) is not active
[ 4803.617474] scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access SanDisk Ultra USB 3.0 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 4803.621051] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[ 4803.621561] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] 60062500 512-byte logical blocks: (30.8 GB/28.6 GiB)
[ 4803.623302] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[ 4803.623308] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 4803.625583] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 4803.637723] sdb: sdb1
[ 4803.641569] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 4807.712838] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 3
[ 4807.776291] FAT-fs (sdb1): unable to read boot sector to mark fs as dirty
[ 4815.768049] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-pci
[ 4815.917162] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0781, idProduct=5591
[ 4815.917167] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 4815.917169] usb 1-1: Product: Ultra USB 3.0
[ 4815.917172] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SanDisk
[ 4815.917174] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 4C531001490811105330
[ 4815.922030] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 4815.923790] scsi host2: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[ 4815.923854] scsi host2: runtime PM trying to activate child device host2 but parent (1-1:1.0) is not active
[ 4816.929472] scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access SanDisk Ultra USB 3.0 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 4816.931962] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[ 4816.933574] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] 60062500 512-byte logical blocks: (30.8 GB/28.6 GiB)
[ 4816.934948] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[ 4816.934953] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 4816.935956] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 4816.949112] sdb: sdb1
[ 4816.952846] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 4817.285863] FAT-fs (sdb1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
[ 4884.763293] usercopy: kernel memory exposure attempt detected from c0098000 (dma-kmalloc-512) (4096 bytes)
[ 4884.763333] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 4884.763408] kernel BUG at /build/linux-yFroJZ/linux-4.8.0/mm/usercopy.c:75!
[ 4884.763484] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
[ 4884.763529] Modules linked in: nls_iso8859_1 uas usb_storage nls_utf8 isofs appletalk ipx p8023 p8022 psnap llc arc4 b43 dm_crypt bcma mac80211 wl(POE) snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_codec_idt snd_hda_codec_generic snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec snd_hda_core gpio_ich dell_laptop snd_hwdep dell_smbios snd_pcm snd_timer snd cfg80211 soundcore dcdbas input_leds joydev serio_raw shpchp lpc_ich mac_hid parport_pc ppdev lp parport ip_tables x_tables autofs4 i915 i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper b44 syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt fb_sys_fops psmouse ssb drm mii pata_acpi video
[ 4884.764007] CPU: 0 PID: 2636 Comm: lshw Tainted: P W OE 4.8.0-26-generic #28-Ubuntu
[ 4884.764007] Hardware name: Dell Inc. ME051 /0GD366, BIOS A10 11/07/2006
[ 4884.764007] task: f5d88940 task.stack: e6f1e000
[ 4884.764007] EIP: 0060:[<d41f6d93>] EFLAGS: 00010282 CPU: 0
[ 4884.764007] EIP is at __check_object_size+0x123/0x12c
[ 4884.764007] EAX: 0000005e EBX: c0098000 ECX: f71b5144 EDX: f71b0884
[ 4884.764007] ESI: 00001000 EDI: d4a5677b EBP: e6f1fee0 ESP: e6f1feb8
[ 4884.764007] DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 00e0 SS: 0068
[ 4884.764007] CR0: 80050033 CR2: bfcde000 CR3: 26e4b9e0 CR4: 000006f0
[ 4884.764007] Stack:
[ 4884.764007] d4a5cb38 d4a5fade d4a93cc2 c0098000 f6c02080 00001000 c0099000 c0098000
[ 4884.764007] 000a0000 00001000 e6f1ff1c d4504636 00008000 00001000 bfcd68a4 00008000
[ 4884.764007] 00098000 00000000 000a0000 00000000 000a0000 00000000 d4504590 e6f1ff60
[ 4884.764007] Call Trace:
[ 4884.764007] [<d4504636>] read_mem+0xa6/0x1f0
[ 4884.764007] [<d4504590>] ? write_mem+0x1f0/0x1f0
[ 4884.764007] [<d41fa9af>] __vfs_read+0x1f/0x50
[ 4884.764007] [<d41fb0af>] vfs_read+0x7f/0x140
[ 4884.764007] [<d480a430>] ? down_write+0x10/0x40
[ 4884.764007] [<d41fc239>] SyS_read+0x49/0xb0
[ 4884.764007] [<d40038ad>] do_fast_syscall_32+0x8d/0x140
[ 4884.764007] [<d480c47a>] sysenter_past_esp+0x47/0x75
[ 4884.764007] Code: 89 74 24 14 0f 44 ca ba de fa a5 d4 89 44 24 10 0f 44 d7 89 5c 24 0c 89 4c 24 08 89 54 24 04 c7 04 24 38 cb a5 d4 e8 25 94 f8 ff <0f> 0b b8 a7 fa a5 d4 eb b9 55 89 e5 57 56 53 83 ec 1c 3e 8d 74
[ 4884.764007] EIP: [<d41f6d93>] __check_object_size+0x123/0x12c SS:ESP 0068:e6f1feb8
[ 4884.780163] ---[ end trace 5fef9210590c92d2 ]---
[ 4888.301742] usercopy: kernel memory exposure attempt detected from c0098000 (dma-kmalloc-512) (4096 bytes)
[ 4888.301783] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 4888.301857] kernel BUG at /build/linux-yFroJZ/linux-4.8.0/mm/usercopy.c:75!
[ 4888.301934] invalid opcode: 0000 [#2] SMP
[ 4888.301979] Modules linked in: nls_iso8859_1 uas usb_storage nls_utf8 isofs appletalk ipx p8023 p8022 psnap llc arc4 b43 dm_crypt bcma mac80211 wl(POE) snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_codec_idt snd_hda_codec_generic snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec snd_hda_core gpio_ich dell_laptop snd_hwdep dell_smbios snd_pcm snd_timer snd cfg80211 soundcore dcdbas input_leds joydev serio_raw shpchp lpc_ich mac_hid parport_pc ppdev lp parport ip_tables x_tables autofs4 i915 i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper b44 syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt fb_sys_fops psmouse ssb drm mii pata_acpi video
[ 4888.302786] CPU: 0 PID: 2644 Comm: lshw Tainted: P D W OE 4.8.0-26-generic #28-Ubuntu
[ 4888.302877] Hardware name: Dell Inc. ME051 /0GD366, BIOS A10 11/07/2006
[ 4888.302971] task: e6dcae40 task.stack: e6fa6000
[ 4888.303022] EIP: 0060:[<d41f6d93>] EFLAGS: 00010282 CPU: 0
[ 4888.303090] EIP is at __check_object_size+0x123/0x12c
[ 4888.303146] EAX: 0000005e EBX: c0098000 ECX: f71b5144 EDX: f71b0884
[ 4888.303214] ESI: 00001000 EDI: d4a5677b EBP: e6fa7ee0 ESP: e6fa7eb8
[ 4888.303281] DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 00e0 SS: 0068
[ 4888.303340] CR0: 80050033 CR2: bf9bc000 CR3: 26e4b520 CR4: 000006f0
[ 4888.303408] Stack:
[ 4888.303434] d4a5cb38 d4a5fade d4a93cc2 c0098000 f6c02080 00001000 c0099000 c0098000
[ 4888.304013] 000a0000 00001000 e6fa7f1c d4504636 00008000 00001000 bf9b48a4 00008000
[ 4888.304013] 00098000 00000000 000a0000 00000000 000a0000 00000000 d4504590 e6fa7f60
[ 4888.304013] Call Trace:
[ 4888.304013] [<d4504636>] read_mem+0xa6/0x1f0
[ 4888.304013] [<d4504590>] ? write_mem+0x1f0/0x1f0
[ 4888.304013] [<d41fa9af>] __vfs_read+0x1f/0x50
[ 4888.304013] [<d41fb0af>] vfs_read+0x7f/0x140
[ 4888.304013] [<d480a430>] ? down_write+0x10/0x40
[ 4888.304013] [<d41fc239>] SyS_read+0x49/0xb0
[ 4888.304013] [<d40038ad>] do_fast_syscall_32+0x8d/0x140
[ 4888.304013] [<d480c47a>] sysenter_past_esp+0x47/0x75
[ 4888.304013] Code: 89 74 24 14 0f 44 ca ba de fa a5 d4 89 44 24 10 0f 44 d7 89 5c 24 0c 89 4c 24 08 89 54 24 04 c7 04 24 38 cb a5 d4 e8 25 94 f8 ff <0f> 0b b8 a7 fa a5 d4 eb b9 55 89 e5 57 56 53 83 ec 1c 3e 8d 74
[ 4888.304013] EIP: [<d41f6d93>] __check_object_size+0x123/0x12c SS:ESP 0068:e6fa7eb8
[ 4888.354339] ---[ end trace 5fef9210590c92d3 ]---
[ 4985.298019] lp: driver loaded but no devices found
[ 4985.386353] st: Version 20160209, fixed bufsize 32768, s/g segs 256
如何重新配置无线网络并删除不起作用的驱动程序？
编辑：请让我知道哪些地方需要改进。
答案1
您的设备已加载两个无线驱动程序，但其中一个驱动程序与往常一样不正确。请打开终端并执行以下操作：
sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
此外，/etc/network/interfaces 中有一个错误条目。它不仅写得不正确，而且完全没有必要。让我们将其删除：
gksudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces
如果您没有文本编辑器 gedit，请使用 nano 或 kate 或 leafpad。将文件恢复到其默认状态。
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
仔细校对，保存并关闭文本编辑器。重新启动并让我们听取您的报告。