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如何监视目录中的复制和粘贴文件？

tag-icon • tag-icon command-line scripts directory inotify
如何监视目录中的复制和粘贴文件？

如何创建一个脚本来监控文件传输，包括源位置和目标位置？（例如：Test.file 从 /home/Desktop 到 /home/Documents）。

答案1

以下答案需要inotify-tools，但您的系统上可能没有。运行

sudo apt install inotify-tools

如何设置监视脚本来记录目录中发生的事情

正如评论中提到的，您无法“拦截”复制或移动命令，除非您在终端中运行它们并使用该script命令记录正在发生的事情。

你能但是要注意目录内部发生的情况，通知等待

基本 inotifywait 脚本用于记录你的目录

一个简单的脚本是：

#!/bin/bash
DIR="/path/to/directory/to/watch"
inotifywait -m -r -e move -e create "$DIR" | while read f

do
    # remove 'echo changed' after the test
    echo changed
    echo $f >> /path/to/logfile.txt
done

只需在脚本中设置目录的路径，将其另存为some_script.sh并运行即可。当然，更高级的方法是对事件进行时间戳记、分析输出等，但这是主要思想。您可以使用以下选项来代替“回显”输出，-o请参阅手册 inotifywait。

解释

要继续记录，您需要设置选项-m：

从man inotifywait：

-m, --monitor
    Instead of exiting after receiving a single event, execute indefinitely. The default behaviour is to exit after the first event occurs.

要递归记录，您需要设置选项-r：

-r, --recursive
    Watch all subdirectories of any directories passed as arguments. Watches will be set up recursively to an unlimited depth. Symbolic links are not traversed. Newly created subdirectories will also be watched.

此外，您还需要指定事件引起：

EVENTS
       The following events are valid for use with the -e option:

       access A  watched  file  or  a file within a watched directory was read
              from.

       modify A watched file or a file within a watched directory was  written
              to.

       attrib The metadata of a watched file or a file within a watched direc‐
              tory was modified.  This includes timestamps, file  permissions,
              extended attributes etc.

       close_write
              A  watched file or a file within a watched directory was closed,
              after being opened in writeable mode.  This does not necessarily
              imply the file was written to.

       close_nowrite
              A  watched file or a file within a watched directory was closed,
              after being opened in read-only mode.

       close  A watched file or a file within a watched directory was  closed,
              regardless  of  how  it  was opened.  Note that this is actually
              implemented  simply  by  listening  for  both  close_write   and
              close_nowrite, hence all close events received will be output as
              one of these, not CLOSE.

       open   A watched file or a file within a watched directory was opened.

       moved_to
              A file or directory was moved into a  watched  directory.   This
              event  occurs  even  if the file is simply moved from and to the
              same directory.

       moved_from
              A file or directory was moved from a  watched  directory.   This
              event  occurs  even  if the file is simply moved from and to the
              same directory.

       move   A file or directory was moved from or to  a  watched  directory.
              Note  that  this is actually implemented simply by listening for
              both moved_to and moved_from, hence all  close  events  received
              will be output as one or both of these, not MOVE.

       move_self
              A  watched  file  or  directory was moved. After this event, the
              file or directory is no longer being watched.

       create A file or directory was created within a watched directory.

       delete A file or directory within a watched directory was deleted.

       delete_self
              A watched file or directory was deleted.  After this  event  the
              file  or  directory  is no longer being watched.  Note that this
              event can occur even if it is not explicitly being listened for.

       unmount
              The filesystem on which a watched file or directory resides  was
              unmounted.   After this event the file or directory is no longer
              being watched.  Note that this event can occur even if it is not
              explicitly being listened to.

您需要在每个要触发的事件前面添加以下内容-e：

-e move -e create

当然，您可以从列表中设置任何事件触发器。

结果

对我的监视脚本进行简短测试，我们得到如下输出：

/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ MOVED_FROM CV.pdf
/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ MOVED_TO CV.pdf
/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ MOVED_TO pscript_3.py
/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ MOVED_TO,ISDIR numpy
/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ CREATE Untitled Document 3
/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ CREATE,ISDIR Untitled Folder

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