这ntpdate程序几年前就被弃用了。我正在尝试将旧代码从ntpdate独立ntpd目标是依靠NTTP 协议服务（使用 -g 运行）来规范时钟，但如果时钟出现严重错误（可能是由于长时间但暂时无法使用），则允许脚本强制时间同步NTTP 协议守护进程无法访问时间服务器）并且守护进程无法修复它。
service ntp stop
ntpd -gq
service ntp start
我们目前正在使用ntpdate出于这个目的，没有问题。我们期望“ntpd -gq”能够同步时间，无论时间差异有多大——但它在 ub14.04.4 LTS 中不起作用。它报告时间偏差为 0 秒，并且退出时没有错误。
完全相同的方法在 ub10.04 LTS 中按预期工作。
美国同步时间协议不在我们的应用范围内。我不知道该怎么做，除了回到ntpdate。
非常感谢您提供有用的建议。谢谢。
接下来是我的ub14和ub10系统的信息，以及我的小测试的日志，可以总结为两个简单的步骤：
- 将时间往后推一个小时左右。
- 尝试修复它ntpd-gq 命令。
（抱歉，信息太多了。不过，好过不够，对吧？）
`#======================`
`# UB14 VERSION DETAILS`
`#======================`
`root@goncharova14:~# lsb_release -d ; uname -a`
`Description: Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS`
`Linux goncharova14 4.2.0-27-generic #32~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 22 15:32:26 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux`
`#--------------------`
`# NTP QUERY of PEERS`
`#--------------------`
`root@goncharova14:~# ntpq -p`
` remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter`
`==============================================================================`
` golem.canonical 193.79.237.14 2 u 2 64 7 81.242 3459840 2446479`
`*LOCAL(0) .LOCL. 13 l 3 64 7 0.000 0.000 0.000`
`grep -v -e ^$ -e ^# /etc/ntp.conf /etc/default/ntp`
`#---------------------------`
`# NTP.CONF and NTP DEFAULTS`
`#---------------------------`
`/etc/ntp.conf:`
`server ntp.ubuntu.com prefer`
`server 127.127.1.0`
`fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 13`
`driftfile /var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift`
`statistics loopstats peerstats clockstats`
`filegen loopstats file loopstats type day enable`
`filegen peerstats file peerstats type day enable`
`filegen clockstats file clockstats type day enable`
`restrict -4 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery`
`restrict -6 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery`
`restrict 127.0.0.1`
`restrict ::1`
`/etc/default/ntp:`
`NTPD_OPTS='-g'`
`#---------------------------------`
`# PUSH THE TIME BACK && TEST SYNC`
`#---------------------------------`
`root@goncharova14:~# date; date 02272000`
`Mon Feb 27 20:57:39 EST 2017`
`Mon Feb 27 20:00:00 EST 2017`
`root@goncharova14:~# service ntp stop && (ntpd -gq ; echo "Status: $?"; date ; echo '---SYSLOG---' ; tail -n 15 /var/log/syslog; echo '---endLOG---' ; date)`
` * Stopping NTP server ntpd [ OK ]`
`ntpd: time slew +0.000000s`
`Status: 0`
`Mon Feb 27 20:08:44 EST 2017`
`---SYSLOG---`
`Feb 27 20:07:51 goncharova14 ntpd[574]: peers refreshed`
`Feb 27 20:07:51 goncharova14 ntpd[574]: Listening on routing socket on fd #22 for interface updates`
`Feb 27 20:07:53 goncharova14 ntpd[574]: ntpd: time slew +0.000000 s`
`Feb 27 20:08:42 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: ntpd [email protected] Thu Feb 11 18:30:40 UTC 2016 (1)`
`Feb 27 20:08:42 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: proto: precision = 0.160 usec`
`Feb 27 20:08:42 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: ntp_io: estimated max descriptors: 1024, initial socket boundary: 16`
`Feb 27 20:08:42 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: Listen and drop on 0 v4wildcard 0.0.0.0 UDP 123`
`Feb 27 20:08:42 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: Listen and drop on 1 v6wildcard :: UDP 123`
`Feb 27 20:08:42 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: Listen normally on 2 lo 127.0.0.1 UDP 123`
`Feb 27 20:08:42 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: Listen normally on 3 eth0 10.160.74.140 UDP 123`
`Feb 27 20:08:42 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: Listen normally on 4 lo ::1 UDP 123`
`Feb 27 20:08:42 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: Listen normally on 5 eth0 fe80::a00:27ff:fecd:8c80 UDP 123`
`Feb 27 20:08:42 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: peers refreshed`
`Feb 27 20:08:42 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: Listening on routing socket on fd #22 for interface updates`
`Feb 27 20:08:44 goncharova14 ntpd[1566]: ntpd: time slew +0.000000 s`
`---endLOG---`
`Mon Feb 27 20:08:44 EST 2017`
`#+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++`
`# THE SAME APPROACH WORKS AS EXPECTED IN UB10. Commands are identical. Conf files are identical. +`
`#+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++`
`#======================`
`# UB10 VERSION DETAILS`
`#======================`
`root@goncharova10:~# lsb_release -d ; uname -a ; echo`
`Description: Ubuntu 10.04 LTS`
`Linux goncharova10 2.6.32-21-generic #32-Ubuntu SMP Fri Apr 16 08:10:02 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux`
`#--------------------`
`# NTP QUERY of PEERS`
`#--------------------`
`root@goncharova10:~# ntpq -p ; echo`
` remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter`
`==============================================================================`
`*chilipepper.can 17.253.34.125 2 u 238 512 377 78.643 -2.038 1.020`
` LOCAL(0) .LOCL. 13 l 22 64 377 0.000 0.000 0.001`
`#---------------------------`
`# NTP.CONF and NTP DEFAULTS`
`#---------------------------`
`root@goncharova10:~# grep -v -e ^$ -e ^# /etc/ntp.conf /etc/default/ntp`
`/etc/ntp.conf:`
`server ntp.ubuntu.com prefer`
`server 127.127.1.0`
`fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 13`
`driftfile /var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift`
`statistics loopstats peerstats clockstats`
`filegen loopstats file loopstats type day enable`
`filegen peerstats file peerstats type day enable`
`filegen clockstats file clockstats type day enable`
`restrict -4 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery`
`restrict -6 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery`
`restrict 127.0.0.1`
`restrict ::1`
`/etc/default/ntp:`
`NTPD_OPTS='-g'`
`#---------------------------------`
`# PUSH THE TIME BACK && TEST SYNC`
`#---------------------------------`
`root@goncharova10:~# date; date 02272000`
`Mon Feb 27 21:10:03 EST 2017`
`Mon Feb 27 20:00:00 EST 2017`
`root@goncharova10:~# service ntp stop && (ntpd -gq ; echo "Status: $?"; date ; echo '---SYSLOG---' ; tail -n 15 /var/log/syslog; echo '---endLOG---' ; date)`
` * Stopping NTP server ntpd [ OK ]`
`ntpd: time set +4203.430466s`
`Status: 0`
`Mon Feb 27 21:10:12 EST 2017`
`---SYSLOG---`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[25264]: ntpd exiting on signal 15`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: ntpd [email protected] Sat Dec 20 11:53:03 UTC 2014 (1)`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: precision = 1.000 usec`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: ntp_io: estimated max descriptors: 1024, initial socket boundary: 16`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: Listening on interface #0 wildcard, 0.0.0.0#123 Disabled`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: Listening on interface #1 wildcard, ::#123 Disabled`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: Listening on interface #2 lo, 127.0.0.1#123 Enabled`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: Listening on interface #3 eth0, 10.160.74.40#123 Enabled`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: Listening on interface #4 lo, ::1#123 Enabled`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: Listening on interface #5 eth0, fe80::20c:29ff:feeb:5b07#123 Enabled`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: kernel time sync status 2040`
`Feb 27 20:00:00 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: frequency initialized -14.511 PPM from /var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift`
`Feb 27 21:10:12 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: synchronized to 91.189.89.198, stratum 2`
`Feb 27 21:10:12 goncharova10 ntpd[31309]: time reset +4203.430466 s`
`---endLOG---`
`Mon Feb 27 21:10:12 EST 2017`
答案1
您是否有防火墙或其他阻止 UDP 流量的设备？ntp 要求双向打开 UDP 端口 123。在 UDP 端口 123 上执行 tcpdump 匹配：
sudo tcpdump -i wlan0 udp port 123
用您主要的面向互联网的接口替换上面的 wlan0。
然后重启 ntp 服务。你应该看到类似下面的内容（地址可能有所不同）：
22:34:16.962180 IP 10.10.1.150.ntp > muug.ca.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
22:34:16.999362 IP muug.ca.ntp > 10.10.1.150.ntp: NTPv4, Server, length 48
22:34:17.962186 IP 10.10.1.150.ntp > host.hosttechnet.com.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
22:34:17.988816 IP host.hosttechnet.com.ntp > 10.10.1.150.ntp: NTPv4, Server, length 48
22:34:18.962187 IP 10.10.1.150.ntp > ntp2.torix.ca.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
22:34:18.980295 IP ntp2.torix.ca.ntp > 10.10.1.150.ntp: NTPv4, Server, length 48
22:34:19.962194 IP 10.10.1.150.ntp > time.srv.ualberta.ca.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
22:34:20.019589 IP time.srv.ualberta.ca.ntp > 10.10.1.150.ntp: NTPv4, Server, length 48
22:34:20.962167 IP 10.10.1.150.ntp > golem.canonical.com.ntp: NTPv4, Client, length 48
22:34:21.061641 IP golem.canonical.com.ntp > 10.10.1.150.ntp: NTPv4, Server, length 48