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如何备份我的主引导记录（MBR）和分区表（PT）？

tag-icon • tag-icon partitioning backup mbr boot-partition
如何备份我的主引导记录（MBR）和分区表（PT）？

我想知道如何：

  1. 备份
  2. 进行恢复

将所有磁盘的所有 MBR 和所有 PT 保存到一个文件中，以便我可以使用rsync或类似程序轻松地备份它们。

答案1

哈哈，这很简单：

  1. 创建目录/sysbackup：

    mkdir /sysbackup

  2. 在编辑器中复制以下脚本：

    #!/bin/bash
#
# This script saves the well-known (last good) partition table entries to a text file 
# and the MBR to a binary file for all live disks on the system.
#
# Copyright (c) Fabby 2017
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under 
# the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software 
# Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later 
# version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY 
# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, 
# DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, 
# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR 
# THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. 
# See the GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You DID NOT receive a copy of the GNU General Public License along with 
# this program as the license is bigger then this program.
# Therefore, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ for more details.
#
# This script should be run at the /etc/rc.local or systemd equivalent point in time
#
for szDisk in /dev/?d?; 
do
  sfdisk --dump "$szDisk" > /sysbackup/PartBackup-"$(hostname)-${szDisk//\//-}""$(date +"%F-%H%M%S%N")"".txt"
  dd if="$szDisk" of=/sysbackup/MBRBackup-"$(hostname)-${szDisk//\//-}""$(date +"%F-%H%M%S%N")"".bck" bs=512 count=1
done;

  3. 保存为/usr/local/bin（例如mbr-pt-bck）

  4. chmod +x /usr/local/bin/mbr-pt-bck
  5. 使用执行sudo mbr-pt-bck
  6. 确保/sysbackup/包含在您的rsync（或类似）命令中。

或者，

  • 将上述脚本放入/etc/rc.local或等效的 systemd 中，并在每次启动时自动执行。
  • 将其包含在您的预备份脚本中

答案2

恢复上述任何一个也相当容易：

主引导记录（MBR）：

dd if=/sysbackup/MBRBackup-szHostName-dev-sda.bck of=/dev/sda  bs=512 count=1

太平洋标准时间：

首先cat /sysbackup/PartBackup-szHostName-dev-sda.txt

Disk label type: msdos
Minor    Start       End     Type      Filesystem  Flags
1          0.031   8056.032  primary   ext3

然后只需执行以下操作：

parted /dev/sda rescue

您将获得 parted 救援提示，您可以在其中填写上面的数据cat

Start? 0
End? 8056
Information: A ext3 primary partition was found at 0.031MB ->
8056.030MB.  Do you want to add it to the partition table?
Yes/No/Cancel? y

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