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如何在脚本中将带有特殊字符的字符串传递给 shell 命令？

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如何在脚本中将带有特殊字符的字符串传递给 shell 命令？

我正在编写一个小脚本，它将帮助我调试一些权限问题。我正在传递我想要检查的父文件夹，并且能够指定我想要忽略的任何子文件夹。

我在传递构造的参数字符串时遇到问题，find因为它的某些部分（正在转义）。我似乎无法弄清楚如何以find正确接受它的方式将通配符提供到命令中。通配符到位，路径字符串的该部分使用单引号进行限定，单引号使用转义'\''并让我感到困惑（因为我无法弄清楚如何控制转换）和find（这基本上忽略了我的排除）

我一直在阅读有关单引号和双引号以及转义字符的所有内容，但我还没有找到与我的类似的示例。

#!/bin/bash -f
# output permissions and ownership with path relative to specified parent.

Usage="$0 <parent path> <excluded child folder> ...."

if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
    (>&2 echo -e $Usage)
    exit 1
else 
    parent=$1
    shift
    if [ $# -gt 0 ]
    then
        excludes=" ("
        for folder in $@
        do
            thisLine=" ! -path $parent$folder ! -path '$parent$folder/*'"    <=== the '*' wildcard is causing the problem I think.
            excludes=$excludes$thisLine
        done
        excludes=$excludes" )"
    fi
    (>&2 echo "=> find $parent $excludes -ls | awk '{print "'$3"|"$5"|"$6"|"$11}'"'")
    (>&2 echo )
set -vx
    find $parent $excludes -ls | awk '{print $3"|"$5"|"$6"|"$11}'
fi

我正在使用的树的分支/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm有三个子文件夹，我希望排除其中两个；cmake& include.下面的输出分为两部分：顶部是当前输出，它不会过滤我希望排除的文件夹。底部部分是正确的，使用上面代码中的回显命令行。

调用上述脚本的命令是： ~/myScripts/show_permissions.sh /media/nap/U14041/home/nap/catkin_ws/src/clfsm /cmake /include。请注意，Stephen 的解决方案要求指定要排除的子文件夹，且不带前导/.

user@rMBP-Ubuntu:[12:29]:/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm$ ~/myScripts/show_permissions.sh /home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm /cmake /include
=> find /home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm  ( ! -path /home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/cmake ! -path '/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/cmake/*' ! -path /home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include ! -path '/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/*' ) -ls | awk '{print $3"|"$5"|"$6"|"$11}'

++ find /home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm '(' '!' -path /home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/cmake '!' -path ''\''/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/cmake/*'\''' '!' -path /home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include '!' -path ''\''/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/*'\''' ')' -ls
++ awk '{print $3"|"$5"|"$6"|"$11}'
drwxrwxr-x|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/clfsm.layout
drwxrwxr-x|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src/clfsm_visitorsupport.cc
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src/clfsm_machine.cc
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src/clfsm_visitors.cc
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src/clfsm_main.cc
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src/clfsm_cc.cc
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/cmake/FindLibDispatch.cmake
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/CMakeLists.txt
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/clfsm_vector_factory.h
drwxrwxr-x|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/typeClassDefs
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/typeClassDefs/FSMControlStatus.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/typeClassDefs/FSM_Control.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/typeClassDefs/wb_fsm_control_status.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/typeClassDefs/wb_fsm_state_status.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/CLActionAction.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMWBQueryPredicate.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMSuspensibleMachine.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMWBSubMachine.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/gu_util.h~
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/CLTransitionExpression.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMWBContext.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMState.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMAction.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMExpression.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/clfsm_cc.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMTransition.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/clfsm_visitorsupport.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/stringConstants.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/clfsm_factory.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMFactory.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMachineVector.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMActivity.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/clfsm_visitors.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMachine.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/clfsm_cc_delegate.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/clfsm_machine.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/gu_util.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSMWBPredicate.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/clfsm_wb_vector_factory.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/FSM.h
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/package.xml
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/clfsm.cbp

user@rMBP-Ubuntu:[12:34]:/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm$ find /home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm  \( ! -path /home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/cmake ! -path '/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/cmake/*' ! -path /home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include ! -path '/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/include/*' \) -ls | awk '{print $3"|"$5"|"$6"|"$11}'
drwxrwxr-x|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/clfsm.layout
drwxrwxr-x|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src/clfsm_visitorsupport.cc
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src/clfsm_machine.cc
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src/clfsm_visitors.cc
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src/clfsm_main.cc
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/src/clfsm_cc.cc
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/CMakeLists.txt
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/package.xml
-rw-rw-r--|user|user|/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm/clfsm.cbp
user@rMBP-Ubuntu:[12:35]:/home/user/catkin_ws/src/clfsm$

答案1

如果我正确理解了这个要求，你应该使用-path ... -prune停止下降到树上。

就像是：

#!/bin/bash -f
# output permissions and ownership with path relative to specified parent.

Usage="$0 <parent path> <excluded child folder> ...."

if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
    (>&2 echo -e $Usage)
    exit 1
else 
    parent=$1
    shift
    if [ $# -gt 0 ]
    then
        for folder in $@
        do
            thisLine=" ( -path $parent/$folder -prune ) -o"
            excludes=$excludes$thisLine
        done
    fi
set -vx
    find $parent $excludes -ls | awk '{print $3"|"$5"|"$6"|"$11}'
fi

这个想法是构建一个类似于

find /tmp/A \( -path /tmp/A/skip1 -prune \) -o -ls

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