我正在使用 Ubuntu 16.04（与 Windows 10 双启动）。今天，我想使用我的一个外部硬盘（WD - My Book Essential），但没有出现分区。
似乎正在检测到该设备，但两个操作系统都无法识别其中的分区。（99％我确信它是 NTFS）。
$ ls /dev/sdb*
/dev/sdb
$ sudo fsck.nfs /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb: NFS file system.
$ sudo mount /dev/sdb /mnt -t auto
mount: /dev/sdb: can't read superblock
$ sudo mount /dev/sdb /mnt -t ntfs-3g
Failed to read bootsector (size=0)
Failed to mount '/dev/sdb': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sdb' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?
$ parted -l /dev/sdb
<<<< returns nothing
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 350M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 117.2G 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 466M 0 part
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 779.3G 0 part
├─sda6 8:6 0 26.3G 0 part /
└─sda7 8:7 0 7.9G 0 part [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
$ dmesg | tail -30
[ 5276.984581] ses 6:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 13
[ 5276.985126] ses 6:0:0:1: Wrong diagnostic page; asked for 1 got 0
[ 5276.985133] ses 6:0:0:1: Failed to get diagnostic page 0xffffffea
[ 5276.985137] ses 6:0:0:1: Failed to bind enclosure -19
[ 5276.989163] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Test WP failed, assume Write Enabled
[ 5276.989483] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Asking for cache data failed
[ 5276.989491] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[ 5276.992708] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[ 5328.311463] usb 4-2: USB disconnect, device number 4
[ 5340.934431] usb 4-2: new SuperSpeed USB device number 5 using xhci_hcd
[ 5340.950757] usb 4-2: LPM exit latency is zeroed, disabling LPM.
[ 5340.951456] usb 4-2: New USB device found, idVendor=1058, idProduct=1130
[ 5340.951463] usb 4-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 5340.951467] usb 4-2: Product: My Book 1130
[ 5340.951470] usb 4-2: Manufacturer: Western Digital
[ 5340.951473] usb 4-2: SerialNumber: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
[ 5340.951812] usb-storage 4-2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 5340.952206] scsi host7: usb-storage 4-2:1.0
[ 5343.990579] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access WD My Book 1130 1014 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 5343.991228] scsi 7:0:0:1: Enclosure WD SES Device 1014 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 5343.992376] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[ 5343.992534] ses 7:0:0:1: Attached Enclosure device
[ 5343.993104] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Test WP failed, assume Write Enabled
[ 5343.993438] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Asking for cache data failed
[ 5343.993443] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[ 5343.993928] ses 7:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 13
[ 5343.996014] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[ 5343.997075] ses 7:0:0:1: Wrong diagnostic page; asked for 1 got 0
[ 5343.997081] ses 7:0:0:1: Failed to get diagnostic page 0xffffffea
[ 5343.997085] ses 7:0:0:1: Failed to bind enclosure -19
$ sudo ntfsfix -d -b /dev/sdb
Mounting volume... Failed to read bootsector (size=0)
FAILED
Attempting to correct errors... Failed to read bootsector (size=0)
FAILED
Failed to startup volume: Invalid argument
Failed to read bootsector (size=0)
Unrecoverable error
Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk.
$ sudo dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null count=1
0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes copied, 0.000143676 s, 0.0 kB/s
$ sudo badblocks -b 4096 -c 4096 -s /dev/sdb
badblocks: invalid starting block (0): must be less than 0
$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-59-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
Read Device Identity failed: scsi error no medium present
A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options.
我也用过testdisk。它无法识别我的外置硬盘。
我也在 Windows 中尝试过。在磁盘管理中，它显示磁盘需要初始化（这可能会导致我的数据丢失）。
据我所知，我面临的不是严重的硬件缺陷。但也无法确定具体问题是什么。如果我可以自己处理（在您的帮助下），我宁愿避免进行昂贵的恢复过程
我该如何解决这个问题？
答案1
我把硬盘拿去维修。正如我猜测的那样（根据问题中提到的我的测试结果），硬盘本身没有问题，问题出在电路板上。
更换新电路板后问题解决。
现在，我可以毫无问题地访问硬盘上的所有数据。
我希望这对其他可能面临同样问题的人有所帮助。