我已经患有这种未解决的依赖癌症好几个小时了，我在 ROSAnswers 上询问过这个问题，我被告知这是一个 Ubuntu 问题，因此我在这里提问。
当我尝试运行以下命令时：
sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-desktop-full
我得到：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
ros-kinetic-desktop-full : Depends: ros-kinetic-desktop but it is not going to be installed
Depends: ros-kinetic-perception but it is not going to be installed
Depends: ros-kinetic-simulators but it is not going to be installed
Depends: ros-kinetic-urdf-tutorial but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
因此，显然，我不会坐下来一个接一个地尝试，因为这实际上并不是解决这个问题的明智方法。
因此，我宁愿这样做：
sudo aptitude install ros-kinetic-desktop-full
查看总体情况，我得到了以下输出：
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
Reading extended state information...
Initializing package states...
Building tag database...
The following NEW packages will be installed:
== [tons of stuff which I cannot copy due to character limit]==
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Keep the following packages at their current version:
1) libvtk6-dev [Not Installed]
2) libvtk6-java [Not Installed]
3) libvtk6-qt-dev [Not Installed]
4) libvtk6.2 [Not Installed]
5) libvtk6.2-qt [Not Installed]
6) python-vtk6 [Not Installed]
7) ros-kinetic-actionlib [Not Installed]
8) ros-kinetic-actionlib-msgs [Not Installed]
9) ros-kinetic-actionlib-tutorials [Not Installed]
10) ros-kinetic-bond [Not Installed]
11) ros-kinetic-bond-core [Not Installed]
12) ros-kinetic-bondcpp [Not Installed]
13) ros-kinetic-bondpy [Not Installed]
14) ros-kinetic-camera-calibration [Not Installed]
15) ros-kinetic-camera-calibration-parsers [Not Installed]
16) ros-kinetic-camera-info-manager [Not Installed]
17) ros-kinetic-catkin [Not Installed]
18) ros-kinetic-class-loader [Not Installed]
19) ros-kinetic-collada-parser [Not Installed]
20) ros-kinetic-collada-urdf [Not Installed]
21) ros-kinetic-common-msgs [Not Installed]
22) ros-kinetic-common-tutorials [Not Installed]
23) ros-kinetic-compressed-depth-image-transport [Not Installed]
24) ros-kinetic-compressed-image-transport [Not Installed]
25) ros-kinetic-control-msgs [Not Installed]
26) ros-kinetic-cpp-common [Not Installed]
27) ros-kinetic-cv-bridge [Not Installed]
28) ros-kinetic-depth-image-proc [Not Installed]
29) ros-kinetic-desktop [Not Installed]
30) ros-kinetic-desktop-full [Not Installed]
31) ros-kinetic-diagnostic-aggregator [Not Installed]
32) ros-kinetic-diagnostic-analysis [Not Installed]
33) ros-kinetic-diagnostic-common-diagnostics [Not Installed]
34) ros-kinetic-diagnostic-msgs [Not Installed]
35) ros-kinetic-diagnostic-updater [Not Installed]
36) ros-kinetic-diagnostics [Not Installed]
37) ros-kinetic-dynamic-reconfigure [Not Installed]
38) ros-kinetic-eigen-conversions [Not Installed]
39) ros-kinetic-eigen-stl-containers [Not Installed]
40) ros-kinetic-executive-smach [Not Installed]
41) ros-kinetic-filters [Not Installed]
42) ros-kinetic-gazebo-dev [Not Installed]
43) ros-kinetic-gazebo-msgs [Not Installed]
44) ros-kinetic-gazebo-plugins [Not Installed]
45) ros-kinetic-gazebo-ros [Not Installed]
46) ros-kinetic-gazebo-ros-pkgs [Not Installed]
47) ros-kinetic-gencpp [Not Installed]
48) ros-kinetic-geneus [Not Installed]
49) ros-kinetic-genlisp [Not Installed]
50) ros-kinetic-genmsg [Not Installed]
51) ros-kinetic-gennodejs [Not Installed]
52) ros-kinetic-genpy [Not Installed]
53) ros-kinetic-geometric-shapes [Not Installed]
54) ros-kinetic-geometry [Not Installed]
55) ros-kinetic-geometry-msgs [Not Installed]
56) ros-kinetic-geometry-tutorials [Not Installed]
57) ros-kinetic-gl-dependency [Not Installed]
58) ros-kinetic-image-common [Not Installed]
59) ros-kinetic-image-geometry [Not Installed]
60) ros-kinetic-image-pipeline [Not Installed]
61) ros-kinetic-image-proc [Not Installed]
62) ros-kinetic-image-publisher [Not Installed]
63) ros-kinetic-image-rotate [Not Installed]
64) ros-kinetic-image-transport [Not Installed]
65) ros-kinetic-image-transport-plugins [Not Installed]
66) ros-kinetic-image-view [Not Installed]
67) ros-kinetic-interactive-marker-tutorials [Not Installed]
68) ros-kinetic-interactive-markers [Not Installed]
69) ros-kinetic-joint-state-publisher [Not Installed]
70) ros-kinetic-kdl-conversions [Not Installed]
71) ros-kinetic-kdl-parser [Not Installed]
72) ros-kinetic-laser-assembler [Not Installed]
73) ros-kinetic-laser-filters [Not Installed]
74) ros-kinetic-laser-geometry [Not Installed]
75) ros-kinetic-laser-pipeline [Not Installed]
76) ros-kinetic-librviz-tutorial [Not Installed]
77) ros-kinetic-map-msgs [Not Installed]
78) ros-kinetic-message-filters [Not Installed]
79) ros-kinetic-message-generation [Not Installed]
80) ros-kinetic-message-runtime [Not Installed]
81) ros-kinetic-mk [Not Installed]
82) ros-kinetic-nav-msgs [Not Installed]
83) ros-kinetic-nodelet [Not Installed]
84) ros-kinetic-nodelet-core [Not Installed]
85) ros-kinetic-nodelet-topic-tools [Not Installed]
86) ros-kinetic-nodelet-tutorial-math [Not Installed]
87) ros-kinetic-octomap [Not Installed]
88) ros-kinetic-opencv3 [Not Installed]
89) ros-kinetic-orocos-kdl [Not Installed]
90) ros-kinetic-pcl-conversions [Not Installed]
91) ros-kinetic-pcl-msgs [Not Installed]
92) ros-kinetic-pcl-ros [Not Installed]
93) ros-kinetic-perception [Not Installed]
94) ros-kinetic-perception-pcl [Not Installed]
95) ros-kinetic-pluginlib [Not Installed]
96) ros-kinetic-pluginlib-tutorials [Not Installed]
97) ros-kinetic-polled-camera [Not Installed]
98) ros-kinetic-python-orocos-kdl [Not Installed]
99) ros-kinetic-qt-dotgraph [Not Installed]
100) ros-kinetic-qt-gui [Not Installed]
101) ros-kinetic-qt-gui-cpp [Not Installed]
102) ros-kinetic-resource-retriever [Not Installed]
103) ros-kinetic-robot [Not Installed]
104) ros-kinetic-robot-model [Not Installed]
105) ros-kinetic-robot-state-publisher [Not Installed]
106) ros-kinetic-ros [Not Installed]
107) ros-kinetic-ros-base [Not Installed]
108) ros-kinetic-ros-comm [Not Installed]
109) ros-kinetic-ros-core [Not Installed]
110) ros-kinetic-ros-tutorials [Not Installed]
111) ros-kinetic-rosbag [Not Installed]
112) ros-kinetic-rosbag-storage [Not Installed]
113) ros-kinetic-rosbash [Not Installed]
114) ros-kinetic-rosbuild [Not Installed]
115) ros-kinetic-rosconsole [Not Installed]
116) ros-kinetic-rosconsole-bridge [Not Installed]
117) ros-kinetic-roscpp [Not Installed]
118) ros-kinetic-roscpp-core [Not Installed]
119) ros-kinetic-roscpp-serialization [Not Installed]
120) ros-kinetic-roscpp-traits [Not Installed]
121) ros-kinetic-roscpp-tutorials [Not Installed]
122) ros-kinetic-rosgraph-msgs [Not Installed]
123) ros-kinetic-roslang [Not Installed]
124) ros-kinetic-roslaunch [Not Installed]
125) ros-kinetic-roslib [Not Installed]
126) ros-kinetic-roslisp [Not Installed]
127) ros-kinetic-rosmake [Not Installed]
128) ros-kinetic-rosmaster [Not Installed]
129) ros-kinetic-rosmsg [Not Installed]
130) ros-kinetic-rosnode [Not Installed]
131) ros-kinetic-rosout [Not Installed]
132) ros-kinetic-rospy [Not Installed]
133) ros-kinetic-rospy-tutorials [Not Installed]
134) ros-kinetic-rosservice [Not Installed]
135) ros-kinetic-rostest [Not Installed]
136) ros-kinetic-rostime [Not Installed]
137) ros-kinetic-rostopic [Not Installed]
138) ros-kinetic-rosunit [Not Installed]
139) ros-kinetic-roswtf [Not Installed]
140) ros-kinetic-rqt-action [Not Installed]
141) ros-kinetic-rqt-bag [Not Installed]
142) ros-kinetic-rqt-bag-plugins [Not Installed]
143) ros-kinetic-rqt-common-plugins [Not Installed]
144) ros-kinetic-rqt-console [Not Installed]
145) ros-kinetic-rqt-dep [Not Installed]
146) ros-kinetic-rqt-graph [Not Installed]
147) ros-kinetic-rqt-gui [Not Installed]
148) ros-kinetic-rqt-gui-cpp [Not Installed]
149) ros-kinetic-rqt-gui-py [Not Installed]
150) ros-kinetic-rqt-image-view [Not Installed]
151) ros-kinetic-rqt-launch [Not Installed]
152) ros-kinetic-rqt-logger-level [Not Installed]
153) ros-kinetic-rqt-moveit [Not Installed]
154) ros-kinetic-rqt-msg [Not Installed]
155) ros-kinetic-rqt-nav-view [Not Installed]
156) ros-kinetic-rqt-plot [Not Installed]
157) ros-kinetic-rqt-pose-view [Not Installed]
158) ros-kinetic-rqt-publisher [Not Installed]
159) ros-kinetic-rqt-py-common [Not Installed]
160) ros-kinetic-rqt-py-console [Not Installed]
161) ros-kinetic-rqt-reconfigure [Not Installed]
162) ros-kinetic-rqt-robot-dashboard [Not Installed]
163) ros-kinetic-rqt-robot-monitor [Not Installed]
164) ros-kinetic-rqt-robot-plugins [Not Installed]
165) ros-kinetic-rqt-robot-steering [Not Installed]
166) ros-kinetic-rqt-runtime-monitor [Not Installed]
167) ros-kinetic-rqt-rviz [Not Installed]
168) ros-kinetic-rqt-service-caller [Not Installed]
169) ros-kinetic-rqt-shell [Not Installed]
170) ros-kinetic-rqt-srv [Not Installed]
171) ros-kinetic-rqt-tf-tree [Not Installed]
172) ros-kinetic-rqt-top [Not Installed]
173) ros-kinetic-rqt-topic [Not Installed]
174) ros-kinetic-rqt-web [Not Installed]
175) ros-kinetic-rviz [Not Installed]
176) ros-kinetic-rviz-plugin-tutorials [Not Installed]
177) ros-kinetic-rviz-python-tutorial [Not Installed]
178) ros-kinetic-self-test [Not Installed]
179) ros-kinetic-sensor-msgs [Not Installed]
180) ros-kinetic-shape-msgs [Not Installed]
181) ros-kinetic-simulators [Not Installed]
182) ros-kinetic-smach-msgs [Not Installed]
183) ros-kinetic-smach-ros [Not Installed]
184) ros-kinetic-stage [Not Installed]
185) ros-kinetic-stage-ros [Not Installed]
186) ros-kinetic-std-msgs [Not Installed]
187) ros-kinetic-std-srvs [Not Installed]
188) ros-kinetic-stereo-image-proc [Not Installed]
189) ros-kinetic-stereo-msgs [Not Installed]
190) ros-kinetic-tf [Not Installed]
191) ros-kinetic-tf-conversions [Not Installed]
192) ros-kinetic-tf2 [Not Installed]
193) ros-kinetic-tf2-eigen [Not Installed]
194) ros-kinetic-tf2-geometry-msgs [Not Installed]
195) ros-kinetic-tf2-kdl [Not Installed]
196) ros-kinetic-tf2-msgs [Not Installed]
197) ros-kinetic-tf2-py [Not Installed]
198) ros-kinetic-tf2-ros [Not Installed]
199) ros-kinetic-theora-image-transport [Not Installed]
200) ros-kinetic-topic-tools [Not Installed]
201) ros-kinetic-trajectory-msgs [Not Installed]
202) ros-kinetic-turtle-actionlib [Not Installed]
203) ros-kinetic-turtle-tf [Not Installed]
204) ros-kinetic-turtle-tf2 [Not Installed]
205) ros-kinetic-turtlesim [Not Installed]
206) ros-kinetic-urdf [Not Installed]
207) ros-kinetic-urdf-parser-plugin [Not Installed]
208) ros-kinetic-urdf-tutorial [Not Installed]
209) ros-kinetic-vision-opencv [Not Installed]
210) ros-kinetic-visualization-marker-tutorials [Not Installed]
211) ros-kinetic-visualization-msgs [Not Installed]
212) ros-kinetic-visualization-tutorials [Not Installed]
213) ros-kinetic-viz [Not Installed]
214) ros-kinetic-webkit-dependency [Not Installed]
215) ros-kinetic-xacro [Not Installed]
216) ros-kinetic-xmlrpcpp [Not Installed]
217) tcl-vtk6 [Not Installed]
218) vtk6 [Not Installed]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] Y
No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed.
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 817 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.
所以我现在一头雾水，不知道哪里出了问题，或者哪里不起作用。老实说，没有哪个操作系统让我费力安装这么难的东西。没有冒犯的意思，但这真的很令人沮丧。
我的消息来源列表：
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 66 Okt 11 14:03 cuda-9-0-local-cublas-performance-update-2.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 66 Okt 11 14:03 cuda-9-0-local-cublas-performance-update-2.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 64 Okt 11 14:03 cuda-9-0-local-cublas-performance-update.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 64 Okt 11 14:03 cuda-9-0-local-cublas-performance-update.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38 Okt 11 14:03 cuda-9-0-local.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38 Okt 11 14:03 cuda-9-0-local.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Okt 11 11:55 docker.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Okt 11 11:55 docker.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 189 Okt 11 14:03 google-chrome.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 189 Okt 11 14:03 google-chrome.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Okt 10 15:46 isv:ownCloud:desktop.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Okt 10 15:46 isv:ownCloud:desktop.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49 Okt 11 14:03 matrix-riot-im.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49 Okt 11 14:03 matrix-riot-im.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 459 Okt 11 14:03 mendeleydesktop.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 459 Okt 11 14:03 mendeleydesktop.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 146 Okt 11 14:03 mystic-mirage-ubuntu-pycharm-xenial.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 146 Okt 11 14:03 mystic-mirage-ubuntu-pycharm-xenial.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Okt 10 15:43 nvidia-docker.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Okt 10 15:43 nvidia-docker.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 130 Okt 11 14:03 peterlevi-ubuntu-ppa-xenial.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 130 Okt 11 14:03 peterlevi-ubuntu-ppa-xenial.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 51 Okt 11 14:03 ros-latest.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 51 Okt 11 14:03 ros-latest.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56 Okt 11 14:03 skype-stable.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56 Okt 11 14:03 skype-stable.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50 Okt 11 14:03 spotify.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50 Okt 11 14:03 spotify.list.save
我必须删除第一个宇宙，因为它导致 python-catkin-pkg 出现优先级（500 vs 1000）问题。除此之外，所有其他宇宙都在 Ubuntu 软件中心进行了检查。
至于 cat /etc/apt/preferences.d，我只有一个名为 allow-downgrade 的文件，其内容如下：
Package: *
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: 1001
有什么办法可以解决这个问题吗？
答案1
我在全新安装的 Ubuntu 16.04 上遇到了同样的问题。对我来说，解决方法是稍微修改我的etc/apt/sources.list文件。
我取消了以下几行的注释：
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial universe
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates universe
然后sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-desktop-full工作正常。