自从安装了 Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS 以来，我的笔记本电脑就出现声音问题，如果我检查声音设置，则没有可供选择的声音输出设备。
以下是完整链接ALSA 信息脚本，下面按照这个脚本的前几行进行操作：
!!################################
!!ALSA Information Script v 0.4.64
!!################################
!!Script ran on: Wed Oct 17 17:17:18 UTC 2018
!!Linux Distribution
!!------------------
Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS \n \l DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS" NAME="Ubuntu" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS" HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/" SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy" UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic
!!DMI Information
!!---------------
Manufacturer: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC.
Product Name: X555LAB
Product Version: 1.0
Firmware Version: X555LAB.503
!!Kernel Information
!!------------------
Kernel release: 4.15.0-36-generic
Operating System: GNU/Linux
Architecture: x86_64
Processor: x86_64
SMP Enabled: Yes
!!ALSA Version
!!------------
Driver version: k4.15.0-36-generic
Library version: 1.1.3
Utilities version: 1.1.3
!!Loaded ALSA modules
!!-------------------
snd_hda_intel
!!Sound Servers on this system
!!----------------------------
Pulseaudio:
Installed - Yes (/usr/bin/pulseaudio)
Running - Yes
!!Soundcards recognised by ALSA
!!-----------------------------
0 [HDMI ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel HDMI
HDA Intel HDMI at 0xb021c000 irq 49
!!PCI Soundcards installed in the system
!!--------------------------------------
00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller (rev 0b)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 8 Series HD Audio Controller (rev 04)
!!Advanced information - PCI Vendor/Device/Subsystem ID's
!!-------------------------------------------------------
00:03.0 0403: 8086:0a0c (rev 0b)
Subsystem: 1043:19ad
--
00:1b.0 0403: 8086:9c20 (rev 04)
Subsystem: 1043:19ad
!!Modprobe options (Sound related)
!!--------------------------------
snd_pcsp: index=-2
snd_usb_audio: index=-2
snd_atiixp_modem: index=-2
snd_intel8x0m: index=-2
snd_via82xx_modem: index=-2
snd_atiixp_modem: index=-2
snd_intel8x0m: index=-2
snd_via82xx_modem: index=-2
snd_usb_audio: index=-2
snd_usb_caiaq: index=-2
snd_usb_ua101: index=-2
snd_usb_us122l: index=-2
snd_usb_usx2y: index=-2
snd_cmipci: mpu_port=0x330 fm_port=0x388
snd_pcsp: index=-2
snd_usb_audio: index=-2