我有 Ubuntu 16.04.5 并尝试安装 Keras。我需要 h5py 来实现这一点，但是安装时遇到了问题。当我输入：
sudo pip install h5py
我懂了：
The directory '/home/nvidia/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/home/nvidia/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting h5py
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/74/5d/6f11a5fffc3d8884bb8d6c06abbee0b3d7c8c81bde9819979208ba823a47/h5py-2.8.0.tar.gz (274kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 276kB 1.7MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.7 in /home/nvidia/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from h5py) (1.15.4)
Requirement already satisfied: six in /home/nvidia/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from h5py) (1.11.0)
Installing collected packages: h5py
Running setup.py install for h5py ... error
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-ltnxb8_8/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5
creating build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py
copying h5py/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py
copying h5py/version.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py
copying h5py/h5py_warnings.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py
copying h5py/highlevel.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py
copying h5py/ipy_completer.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py
creating build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/selections2.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/dims.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/attrs.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/base.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/datatype.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/dataset.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/files.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/group.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/filters.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
copying h5py/_hl/selections.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/_hl
creating build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests
copying h5py/tests/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests
copying h5py/tests/common.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests
creating build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_h5t.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_dataset.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_objects.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_group.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_h5p.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_attrs.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_dimension_scales.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_datatype.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_h5f.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_slicing.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_h5d_direct_chunk_write.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_base.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_file.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_h5.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_selections.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_attrs_data.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
copying h5py/tests/old/test_file_image.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/old
creating build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/hl
copying h5py/tests/hl/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/hl
copying h5py/tests/hl/test_threads.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.5/h5py/tests/hl
...
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:493:4: 'H5T_CSET_ERROR' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:494:4: 'H5T_CSET_ASCII' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:637:2: 'H5Z_filter_t' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:672:6: 'H5Z_ERROR_EDC' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:673:6: 'H5Z_DISABLE_EDC' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:674:6: 'H5Z_ENABLE_EDC' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:675:6: 'H5Z_NO_EDC' redeclared
[ 8/22] Cythonizing /tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/h5py/h5ac.pyx
/tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/.eggs/Cython-0.29-py3.5-linux-aarch64.egg/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:367: FutureWarning: Cython directive 'language_level' not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: /tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/h5py/h5ac.pxd
tree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name)
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:350:2: 'H5D_layout_t' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:357:2: 'H5D_alloc_time_t' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:364:2: 'H5D_space_status_t' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:370:2: 'H5D_fill_time_t' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:376:2: 'H5D_fill_value_t' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:388:7: 'H5F_close_degree_t' redeclared
warning: h5py/api_types_hdf5.pxd:394:2: 'H5FD_mem_t' redeclared
...
building 'h5py.defs' extension
creating build/temp.linux-aarch64-3.5
creating build/temp.linux-aarch64-3.5/tmp
creating build/temp.linux-aarch64-3.5/tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku
creating build/temp.linux-aarch64-3.5/tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py
creating build/temp.linux-aarch64-3.5/tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/h5py
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DH5_USE_16_API -I./h5py -I/tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/lzf -I/opt/local/include -I/usr/local/include -I/home/nvidia/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python3.5m -c /tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/h5py/defs.c -o build/temp.linux-aarch64-3.5/tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/h5py/defs.o
In file included from /home/nvidia/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1821:0,
from /home/nvidia/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:18,
from /home/nvidia/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h:4,
from /tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/h5py/api_compat.h:26,
from /tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/h5py/defs.c:654:
/home/nvidia/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:15:2: warning: #warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by " "#defining NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION" [-Wcpp]
#warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by " \
^
In file included from /tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/h5py/defs.c:654:0:
/tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/h5py/api_compat.h:27:18: fatal error: hdf5.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
error: command 'aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-ltnxb8_8/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-49wsh8ku/h5py/
我尝试过清除缓存、升级 pip 或使用 --no-cache-dir。但都无济于事。我该怎么办？
答案1
可以使用以下命令从 Ubuntu 18.04 及更早版本中的默认存储库安装适用于 Python 2.x 的 h5py：
sudo apt install python-h5py
可以使用以下命令从所有当前支持的 Ubuntu 版本中的默认存储库安装适用于 Python 3.x 的 h5py：
sudo apt install python3-h5py
HDF5 for Python (h5py) 是分层数据格式库版本 5 的通用 Python 接口。HDF5 是一个多功能、成熟的科学软件库，旨在快速、灵活地存储大量数据。