我目前在添加、删除和修改 Linux 用户时遇到问题。对 Linux 相当陌生，所以我很确定我已经尝试了一切来解决这个问题。
[root@device01 /]# useradd testuser
useradd: cannot lock /etc/passwd; try again later.
尝试更改现有用户密码也会返回以下内容：
[root@device01 ~]# passwd olduser
Changing password for user olduser.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new password: passwd: Authentication token manipulation error
已检查以确保没有锁定文件（/etc/gshadow.lock、/etc/shadow.lock、/etc/passwd.lock 和 /etc/group.lock）
我尝试运行以下命令以确保文件系统已正确安装，但也失败了：
[root@device01 /]# mount -o remount,rw /
can't create lock file /etc/mtab~60598: No space left on device (use -n flag to override)
[root@device01 /]#
检查磁盘空间使用情况不会显示任何内容（除非我遗漏了某些内容）
[root@device01 /]# df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 51606140 6953044 42031656 15% /
tmpfs 3881396 0 3881396 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/ddf1_4c5349202020202080862925000000004711471100001e78p1
495844 120559 349685 26% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
112173808 20244156 86231504 20% /home
/dev/mapper/ddf1_4c53492020202020808629250000000047114711000028a0p1
1032131696 382893688 596808680 40% /backup
/dev/sde1 1922828276 1011928116 813226168 56% /mnt/BackupDrive
服务器大约两周没有重新启动，忽略黄金法则宁愿将此作为最后的手段。
版本信息如下：
[root@device01 /]# uname Linux [root@device01 /]# lsb_release LSB 版本:
:base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64 ：图形-4.0-noarch：打印-4.0-amd64：打印-4.0-noarch
还有什么我可以尝试或可能遗漏的吗？
编辑#1
[root@device01 /]# mount
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/mapper/ddf1_4c5349202020202080862925000000004711471100001e78p1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home on /home type ext4 (rw)
/dev/mapper/ddf1_4c53492020202020808629250000000047114711000028a0p1 on /backup type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sde1 on /mnt/BackupDrive type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
编辑#2
[root@device01 ~]# strace useradd testuser
execve("/usr/sbin/useradd", ["useradd", "testuser"], [/* 28 vars */]) = 0
brk(0) = 0x7fabaf304000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae831000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=48359, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 48359, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fabae825000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libaudit.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\260%@\3243\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=115536, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2208304, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fabae3f7000
mprotect(0x7fabae40e000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7fabae60d000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x16000) = 0x7fabae60d000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libselinux.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0PX\300\3163\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=124624, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2221912, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fabae1d8000
mprotect(0x7fabae1f5000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7fabae3f4000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c000) = 0x7fabae3f4000
mmap(0x7fabae3f6000, 1880, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae3f6000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libacl.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\200\36\200\3213\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=33816, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae824000
mmap(NULL, 2126416, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fabadfd0000
mprotect(0x7fabadfd7000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7fabae1d6000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x6000) = 0x7fabae1d6000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0p\356A\3153\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1926520, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3750152, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fabadc3c000
mprotect(0x7fabaddc6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7fabadfc6000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x18a000) = 0x7fabadfc6000
mmap(0x7fabadfcb000, 18696, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabadfcb000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\340\r\300\3153\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=22536, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2109696, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fabada38000
mprotect(0x7fabada3a000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7fabadc3a000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x2000) = 0x7fabadc3a000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libattr.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\200\23\300\3203\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=21152, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae823000
mmap(NULL, 2113888, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fabad833000
mprotect(0x7fabad837000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7fabada36000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3000) = 0x7fabada36000
close(3) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae822000
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae820000
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7fabae8207a0) = 0
mprotect(0x7fabada36000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fabadc3a000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fabadfc6000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fabae1d6000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fabae3f4000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fabae60d000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fabaea4b000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fabae832000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7fabae825000, 48359) = 0
statfs("/selinux", {f_type="EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC", f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=12901535, f_bfree=11155729, f_bavail=10500369, f_files=3276800, f_ffree=0, f_fsid={1688549107, 1017566797}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096}) = 0
brk(0) = 0x7fabaf304000
brk(0x7fabaf325000) = 0x7fabaf325000
open("/proc/filesystems", O_RDONLY) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae830000
read(3, "nodev\tsysfs\nnodev\trootfs\nnodev\tb"..., 1024) = 317
read(3, "", 1024) = 0
close(3) = 0
munmap(0x7fabae830000, 4096) = 0
socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, 9) = 3
fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=99158576, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 99158576, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 4, 0) = 0x7faba79a2000
close(4) = 0
open("/proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max", O_RDONLY) = 4
read(4, "65536\n", 31) = 6
close(4) = 0
mmap(NULL, 528384, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae79f000
access("/etc/shadow", F_OK) = 0
access("/etc/gshadow", F_OK) = 0
open("/etc/default/useradd", O_RDONLY) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0600, st_size=119, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae830000
read(4, "# useradd defaults file\nGROUP=10"..., 4096) = 119
socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0) = 5
connect(5, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
close(5) = 0
socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0) = 5
connect(5, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
close(5) = 0
open("/etc/nsswitch.conf", O_RDONLY) = 5
fstat(5, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=1688, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae82f000
read(5, "#\n# /etc/nsswitch.conf\n#\n# An ex"..., 4096) = 1688
read(5, "", 4096) = 0
close(5) = 0
munmap(0x7fabae82f000, 4096) = 0
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 5
fstat(5, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=48359, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 48359, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 5, 0) = 0x7fabae793000
close(5) = 0
open("/lib64/libnss_files.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 5
read(5, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360!\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(5, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=65928, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2151824, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 5, 0) = 0x7faba7794000
mprotect(0x7faba77a0000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7faba79a0000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 5, 0xc000) = 0x7faba79a0000
close(5) = 0
mprotect(0x7faba79a0000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7fabae793000, 48359) = 0
open("/etc/group", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 5
fcntl(5, F_GETFD) = 0x1 (flags FD_CLOEXEC)
fstat(5, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2595, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae82f000
read(5, "root:x:0:\nbin:x:1:bin,daemon\ndae"..., 4096) = 2595
close(5) = 0
munmap(0x7fabae82f000, 4096) = 0
read(4, "", 4096) = 0
close(4) = 0
munmap(0x7fabae830000, 4096) = 0
open("/etc/login.defs", O_RDONLY) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=1816, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae830000
read(4, "#\n# Please note that the paramet"..., 4096) = 1816
read(4, "", 4096) = 0
close(4) = 0
munmap(0x7fabae830000, 4096) = 0
socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0) = 4
connect(4, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
close(4) = 0
socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0) = 4
connect(4, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
close(4) = 0
open("/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=4671, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae830000
read(4, "root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\n"..., 4096) = 4096
read(4, "b:x:560:501::/home/claireb:/bin/"..., 4096) = 575
read(4, "", 4096) = 0
close(4) = 0
munmap(0x7fabae830000, 4096) = 0
open("/etc/group", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2595, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae830000
read(4, "root:x:0:\nbin:x:1:bin,daemon\ndae"..., 4096) = 2595
read(4, "", 4096) = 0
close(4) = 0
munmap(0x7fabae830000, 4096) = 0
open("/etc/.pwd.lock", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC, 0600) = 4
fcntl(4, F_GETFD) = 0x1 (flags FD_CLOEXEC)
rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {0x7fabadd2b110, ~[], SA_RESTORER, 0x7fabadc6e6a0}, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [ALRM], [], 8) = 0
alarm(15) = 0
fcntl(4, F_SETLKW, {type=F_WRLCK, whence=SEEK_SET, start=0, len=0}) = 0
alarm(0) = 15
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x7fabadc6e6a0}, NULL, 8) = 0
getpid() = 63618
open("/etc/passwd.63618", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600) = -1 ENOSPC (No space left on device)
close(4) = 0
open("/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY) = 4
fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2512, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fabae830000
read(4, "# Locale name alias data base.\n#"..., 4096) = 2512
read(4, "", 4096) = 0
close(4) = 0
munmap(0x7fabae830000, 4096) = 0
open("/usr/share/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/shadow.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/shadow.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/shadow.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/shadow.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/shadow.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/shadow.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
write(2, "useradd: cannot lock /etc/passwd"..., 51useradd: cannot lock /etc/passwd; try again later.
) = 51
exit_group(1) = ?
编辑#3
[root@device01 ~]# df -i /
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
3276800 3276798 2 100% /
答案1
can't create lock file /etc/mtab~60598: No space left on device (use -n flag to override) open("/etc/passwd.63618", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600) = -1 ENOSPC (No space left on device)
肯定是磁盘空间问题。大多数文件系统有两个限制：文件内容的限制和文件数量的限制——文件的大小索引节点桌子。由于df /显示剩余空间充足，通过排除过程，问题一定出在索引节点的数量上。您可以使用 进行检查df -i /。
对于 ext4（Linux 上最常见的文件系统类型），无法增加现有文件系统上的 inode 数量。如果你有很多小文件（如何报告所有子目录中的文件数量？可能有帮助），尝试将它们移动到另一个文件系统。您可以缩小 ext4 文件系统，为另一个具有更多 inode 的文件系统腾出空间（您可以在创建文件系统时设置 inode 的数量），但在安装文件系统时无法执行此操作。