我昨天进行了 2 次系统内置升级 (18.04->18.10，然后 18.10->19.04)。
今天，我的包裹系统坏了：
sudo apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libkf5configgui5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.8.0~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.8.0~) but it is not installed
libkf5guiaddons5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.11.0~rc1) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.11.0~rc1) but it is not installed
libkf5kdcraw5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.6.1~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.6.1~) but it is not installed
libkf5kexiv2-15.0.0 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.2.0) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.2.0) but it is not installed
libkf5syntaxhighlighting5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.8.0~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.8.0~) but it is not installed
libkf5waylandclient5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.8.0~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.8.0~) but it is not installed
libpoppler-qt5-1 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.2.0) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.2.0) but it is not installed
libqt5help5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not installed
libqt5opengl5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.1.0) but it is not installed
Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.9.0~beta) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.9.0~beta) but it is not installed
libqt5printsupport5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.11.0~rc1) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.11.0~rc1) but it is not installed
libqt5quick5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.1.0) but it is not installed
Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2) but it is not installed
libqt5quickcontrols2-5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
libqt5quicktemplates2-5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
libqt5quickwidgets5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.8.0) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.8.0) but it is not installed
libqt5svg5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
libqt5waylandclient5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
libqt5waylandcompositor5 : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
libqt5webenginecore5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
libqt5webenginewidgets5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
libqt5webkit5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.9.0~beta) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.9.0~beta) but it is not installed
libqt5widgets5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2) but it is not installed
libqt5x11extras5 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
libqtwebkit4 : Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx but it is not installed or
libgl1 but it is not installed
Depends: libqt4-opengl (>= 4:4.5.3) but it is not installed
librenaissance0 : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
librenaissance0-dev : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
libva-glx2 : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
libwxgtk3.0-0v5 : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-0v5 : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
lusernet.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
lynkeos.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
lyx : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.8.0) but it is not installed
mesa-utils : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
mpdcon.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
openimageio-tools : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.2.0) but it is not installed
paje.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
phantomjs : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.0.2) but it is not installed
pikopixel.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
plopfolio.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
poe.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
price.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
projectcenter.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
Recommends: gorm.app but it is not installed
python-pyqt5-dbg : Depends: python-pyqt5 (= 5.12.1+dfsg-1) but it is not installed
Depends: libqt5designer5 (>= 5.9.1) but it is not installed
Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.1.0) but it is not installed
Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2) but it is not installed
qbittorrent : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.8.0) but it is not installed
qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects : Depends: qml-module-qtquick2 but it is not installed
Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
qml-module-qtquick-controls : Depends: qml-module-qtquick2 but it is not installed
Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
qml-module-qtquick-controls2 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
qml-module-qtquick-dialogs : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
qml-module-qtquick-layouts : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.5.0) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.5.0) but it is not installed
qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
qml-module-qtquick-templates2 : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
qt5-gtk-platformtheme : Depends: libqt5gui5 (= 5.12.2+dfsg-4ubuntu1) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg) but it is not installed
qt5-qmltooling-plugins : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.10.0) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.10.0) but it is not installed
qtwayland5 : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed or
libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2+dfsg~) but it is not installed
systempreferences.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
talksoup.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
terminal.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
textedit.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
timemon.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
virtualbox-5.2 : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.4.0) but it is not installed
vlc-plugin-qt : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.8.0) but it is not installed
vlc-plugin-video-output : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
volumecontrol.app : Depends: gnustep-back0.27 (>= 0.27.0) but it is not installed
vprerex : Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.0.2) but it is not installed
x11-utils : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
xserver-xorg-core : Depends: libgl1 but it is not installed
Recommends: libgl1-mesa-dri (>= 7.10.2-4) but it is not installed
zenity : Depends: libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 (>= 2.15.1) but it is not installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies
我已经尝试过sudo apt -f install，sudo dpkg --configure -a并且如上所述sudo apt --fix-broken install，都产生相同的输出。
如果有人能给我指明正确的方向，我将不胜感激。
答案1
sudo apt download libglapi-mesa
sudo dpkg -i libglapi-mesa-*.deb
确保 Ubuntu 版本的 deb 文件 ( libglapi-mesa_19.0.8-0ubuntu0~19.04.1_amd64.deb) 与您机器上运行的版本相同。如果不是，那么您可能必须编辑/etc/apt/sources.list仅保留disco相关的 ppa 并删除以前发行版的 ppa，然后运行上述命令。
libqt5gui5我在和的依赖项方面遇到了类似的问题libgl1。当您尝试libgl1使用安装时sudo apt install libgl1，您会在输出顶部找到它的依赖项。尝试通过尝试安装依赖项以递归方式转到 root。您会发现libglapi-mesa已安装但来自 Ubuntu 的先前版本（至少在我的情况下，在您的情况下，您可能会发现其他一些有冲突的软件包）。
答案2
抱歉回复迟了，我意识到我早就想好了将 /home 放在一个单独的分区上，所以我只是清除了操作系统安装，重新安装了 19.04 并重新指向 /home。由于 .config 中的文件保存在我的主文件夹中，因此重新安装一些额外的软件包让我的系统可以完全正常运行，而这比我弄坏 Linux 时尝试调试我必须保留的部分所花的时间要少得多 :)
感谢所有阅读的人，特别是那些回复的人。
最好的，-Ray