我有一台 Dell Latitude 6440 -intel i5-4310 笔记本电脑,8GB RAM 磁盘 - SSD。SD 卡上的系统 - Ubuntu Mate 18.04.3 内核 5.2.8。带有加密分区 /home。
系统分析如下所示:
Startup finished in
8.807s (firmware) + 30.926s (loader)
+ 3.776s (kernel) + 32.108s (userspace)
= 1min 15.618s
graphical.target reached after 32.101s in userspace
它负责什么? loader + 30,926s 是什么?
如何加快速度?
$systemd-analyze critical-chain
The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the "@" character.
The time the unit takes to start is printed after the "+" character.
graphical.target @14.312s
└─lightdm.service @12.694s +1.617s
└─systemd-user-sessions.service @12.671s +13ms
└─network.target @12.670s
└─NetworkManager.service @10.163s +2.505s
└─dbus.service @9.653s
└─basic.target @9.641s
└─sockets.target @9.641s
└─dbus.socket @9.638s
└─sysinit.target @9.623s
└─apparmor.service @9.423s +198ms
└─local-fs.target @9.420s
└─home-groszek-.cache.mount @9.416s +3ms
└─home.mount @9.386s +16ms
└─systemd-fsck@dev-mapper-mmcblk0p8_crypt.service @9.3
└─dev-mapper-mmcblk0p8_crypt.device @9.365s
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 71,7M 1 loop /snap/software-boutique/31
loop1 7:1 0 16K 1 loop /snap/software-boutique/39
loop2 7:2 0 88,7M 1 loop /snap/core/7396
loop3 7:3 0 88,5M 1 loop /snap/core/7270
loop4 7:4 0 7,9M 1 loop /snap/pulsemixer/23
loop5 7:5 0 7,9M 1 loop /snap/pulsemixer/250
loop6 7:6 0 87,3M 1 loop /snap/ubuntu-mate-welcome/220
loop7 7:7 0 86,3M 1 loop /snap/ubuntu-mate-welcome/335
sda 8:0 0 298,1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 39,2M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 13,8G 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 226,3G 0 part /media/OS
└─sda4 8:4 0 58G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
mmcblk0 179:0 0 59,5G 0 disk
├─mmcblk0p1 179:1 0 285M 0 part /boot/efi
├─mmcblk0p2 179:2 0 1K 0 part
├─mmcblk0p5 179:5 0 6,1G 0 part /
├─mmcblk0p6 179:6 0 15,9G 0 part /usr
├─mmcblk0p7 179:7 0 6,1G 0 part /var
└─mmcblk0p8 259:0 0 31,3G 0 part
└─mmcblk0p8_crypt 25If you know how to solve this, please leave your comment, I really appreciate it!3:0 0 31,3G 0 crypt /home
zram0 252:0 0 985M 0 disk [SWAP]
zram1 252:1 0 985M 0 disk [SWAP]
zram2 252:2 0 985M 0 disk [SWAP]
zram3 252:3 0 985M 0 disk [SWAP]
$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/mmcblk0
/dev/mmcblk0:
Timing cached reads: 13722 MB in 2.00 seconds = 6873.86 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 70 MB in 3.08 seconds = 22.74 MB/sec
答案1
基准测试的hdparm
读取速度非常慢
$sudo hdparm -tT /dev/mmcblk0 ... Timing buffered disk reads: 70 MB in 3.08 seconds = 22.74 MB/sec
因此,22 MB/秒是一个瓶颈。还请考虑这是连续读取速度,而随机访问的实际速度可能更慢。加密也可能会降低速度。
内部 HDD 目前的额定速度为 150 MB/秒,而 SSD 的额定速度为 >500 MB/秒。
考虑使用以下选项之一:
- 购买具有 Class 10 和 UHS I(或 UHS III)等级的更快的 SD 卡 - 例如三星 PRO 或 PRO Plus;
- 购买快速 USB 闪存 - 例如 ADATA UE700 或 Sandisk Extreme;
- 购买 2.5 英寸 SATA / mSATA / M.2 SSD(我不太清楚您的笔记本电脑的内部结构),容量约为 512 GB,并在 Windows 分区后将 Ubuntu 移动到它。