我碰到这个 AskUbuntu 主题在寻找解决旧 SATA 驱动器问题的方法时。
我尝试了dmesg有问题的驱动器，得到了以下结果（完整副本可在 PasteBin 上找到）：
[ 4.755793] hub 8-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 4.755802] hub 8-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
[ 4.755956] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: version 3.0
[ 4.756182] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: SSS flag set, parallel bus scan disabled
[ 4.756211] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: AHCI 0001.0200 32 slots 4 ports 3 Gbps 0x33 impl SATA mode
[ 4.756214] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: flags: 64bit ncq sntf stag pm led clo pmp pio slum part ccc ems
[ 4.780937] scsi host2: ahci
[ 4.781085] scsi host3: ahci
[ 4.781216] scsi host4: ahci
[ 4.781359] scsi host5: ahci
[ 4.781498] scsi host6: ahci
[ 4.781633] scsi host7: ahci
[ 4.781706] ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xfa206000 port 0xfa206100 irq 29
[ 4.781708] ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xfa206000 port 0xfa206180 irq 29
[ 4.781710] ata5: DUMMY
[ 4.781711] ata6: DUMMY
[ 4.781713] ata7: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xfa206000 port 0xfa206300 irq 29
[ 4.781715] ata8: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xfa206000 port 0xfa206380 irq 29
[ 4.791917] ahci 0000:03:00.0: AHCI 0001.0000 32 slots 2 ports 3 Gbps 0x3 impl SATA mode
[ 4.791921] ahci 0000:03:00.0: flags: 64bit ncq pm led clo pmp pio slum part
[ 4.792350] scsi host8: ahci
[ 4.792478] scsi host9: ahci
[ 4.792549] ata9: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m8192@0xfa000000 port 0xfa000100 irq 19
[ 4.792552] ata10: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m8192@0xfa000000 port 0xfa000180 irq 19
[ 4.800043] firewire_ohci 0000:05:00.2: added OHCI v1.10 device as card 0, 4 IR + 8 IT contexts, quirks 0x2
[ 4.884017] tsc: Refined TSC clocksource calibration: 2666.666 MHz
[ 4.884022] clocksource: tsc: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x26703cd6786, max_idle_ns: 440795256025 ns
[ 5.048015] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci-pci
[ 5.064017] usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci-pci
[ 5.090545] ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)
[ 5.100676] ata10: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)
[ 5.102254] ata9: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)
[ 5.188673] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=05ac, idProduct=1006
[ 5.188677] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 5.188679] usb 1-1: Product: Keyboard Hub
[ 5.188682] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: Apple, Inc.
[ 5.188684] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 000000000000
[ 5.188969] hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found
[ 5.189040] hub 1-1:1.0: 3 ports detected
[ 5.196548] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=1a40, idProduct=0101
[ 5.196552] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=1, SerialNumber=0
[ 5.196555] usb 2-1: Product: USB 2.0 Hub
[ 5.196983] hub 2-1:1.0: USB hub found
[ 5.197059] hub 2-1:1.0: 4 ports detected
[ 5.300105] firewire_core 0000:05:00.2: created device fw0: GUID 00023c002101a5c9, S400
[ 5.428014] usb 3-2: new low-speed USB device number 2 using uhci_hcd
[ 5.460015] usb 1-1.2: new low-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-pci
[ 5.468014] usb 2-1.1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci-pci
[ 5.556018] ata4: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 5.558544] usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=05ac, idProduct=0250
[ 5.558548] usb 1-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
[ 5.558550] usb 1-1.2: Product: Apple Keyboard
[ 5.558552] usb 1-1.2: Manufacturer: Apple Inc.
[ 5.562535] hidraw: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina
[ 5.569351] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 5.569353] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 5.571718] input: Apple Inc. Apple Keyboard as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.7/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2:1.0/0003:05AC:0250.0001/input/input2
[ 5.584728] ata4.00: ATA-8: ST31500341AS, CC1H, max UDMA/133
[ 5.584732] ata4.00: 2930277168 sectors, multi 0: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32)
[ 5.624265] apple 0003:05AC:0250.0001: input,hidraw0: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Apple Inc. Apple Keyboard] on usb-0000:00:1a.7-1.2/input0
[ 5.625363] input: Apple Inc. Apple Keyboard as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.7/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2:1.1/0003:05AC:0250.0002/input/input3
[ 5.626619] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 5.626812] scsi 3:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA ST31500341AS CC1H PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[ 5.637800] usb 2-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=090c, idProduct=1000
[ 5.637803] usb 2-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 5.637806] usb 2-1.1: Product: Flash Disk
[ 5.637808] usb 2-1.1: Manufacturer: USB
[ 5.637811] usb 2-1.1: SerialNumber: FBG1207170361410
[ 5.641522] usb-storage 2-1.1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 5.641613] scsi host10: usb-storage 2-1.1:1.0
[ 5.641700] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 5.643095] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[ 5.680076] apple 0003:05AC:0250.0002: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.11 Device [Apple Inc. Apple Keyboard] on usb-0000:00:1a.7-1.2/input1
[ 5.724017] usb 2-1.4: new full-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-pci
[ 5.814037] usb 3-2: New USB device found, idVendor=045e, idProduct=0734
[ 5.814041] usb 3-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
[ 5.814044] usb 3-2: Product: Microsoft® Wireless Receiver 700 v2.0
[ 5.814046] usb 3-2: Manufacturer: Liteon
[ 5.850428] usb 2-1.4: New USB device found, idVendor=0a12, idProduct=0001
[ 5.850432] usb 2-1.4: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
[ 5.850434] usb 2-1.4: Product: CSR8510 A10
[ 5.858270] input: Liteon Microsoft® Wireless Receiver 700 v2.0 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.0/0003:045E:0734.0003/input/input4
[ 5.884074] clocksource: Switched to clocksource tsc
[ 5.912196] hid-generic 0003:045E:0734.0003: input,hidraw2: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Liteon Microsoft® Wireless Receiver 700 v2.0] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-2/input0
[ 5.912905] input: Liteon Microsoft® Wireless Receiver 700 v2.0 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/0003:045E:0734.0004/input/input5
[ 5.966185] ata7: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)
[ 5.968108] hid-generic 0003:045E:0734.0004: input,hidraw3: USB HID v1.11 Mouse [Liteon Microsoft® Wireless Receiver 700 v2.0] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-2/input1
[ 6.274161] ata8: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)
[ 6.279808] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] 2930277168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.50 TB/1.36 TiB)
[ 6.279851] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[ 6.279853] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[ 6.279871] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 6.294620] sda: sda1 < sda5 >
[ 6.294939] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[ 6.595824] Atheros(R) L2 Ethernet Driver - version 2.2.3
[ 6.595828] Copyright (c) 2007 Atheros Corporation.
[ 6.632510] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[ 6.632513] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <[email protected]>
[ 6.633799] PTP clock support registered
[ 6.644185] bnx2x: QLogic 5771x/578xx 10/20-Gigabit Ethernet Driver bnx2x 1.712.30-0 (2014/02/10)
[ 6.696045] device-mapper: uevent: version 1.0.3
[ 6.708074] device-mapper: ioctl: 4.34.0-ioctl (2015-10-28) initialised: [email protected]
[ 6.719470] md: linear personality registered for level -1
[ 6.721682] md: multipath personality registered for level -4
[ 6.723807] md: raid0 personality registered for level 0
[ 6.726378] md: raid1 personality registered for level 1
[ 6.824026] raid6: mmxx1 gen() 3523 MB/s
[ 6.868585] scsi 10:0:0:0: Direct-Access USB Flash Disk 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[ 6.892020] raid6: mmxx2 gen() 3923 MB/s
[ 6.960012] raid6: sse1x1 gen() 2381 MB/s
[ 7.028019] raid6: sse1x2 gen() 3116 MB/s
[ 7.096029] raid6: sse2x1 gen() 4366 MB/s
[ 7.164008] raid6: sse2x1 xor() 4604 MB/s
[ 7.232021] raid6: sse2x2 gen() 5170 MB/s
[ 7.300010] raid6: sse2x2 xor() 5576 MB/s
[ 7.300011] raid6: using algorithm sse2x2 gen() 5170 MB/s
[ 7.300012] raid6: .... xor() 5576 MB/s, rmw enabled
[ 7.300014] raid6: using ssse3x1 recovery algorithm
[ 7.300939] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdb] 3915776 512-byte logical blocks: (2.00 GB/1.87 GiB)
[ 7.301316] xor: measuring software checksum speed
[ 7.301685] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[ 7.301688] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 7.302454] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page found
[ 7.302492] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[ 7.306811] sdb: sdb1
[ 7.309552] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 7.340008] pIII_sse : 9840.000 MB/sec
[ 7.380008] prefetch64-sse: 11157.000 MB/sec
[ 7.380010] xor: using function: prefetch64-sse (11157.000 MB/sec)
[ 7.381154] async_tx: api initialized (async)
[ 7.388459] md: raid6 personality registered for level 6
[ 7.388461] md: raid5 personality registered for level 5
[ 7.388462] md: raid4 personality registered for level 4
[ 7.393638] md: raid10 personality registered for level 10
[ 7.695123] loop: module loaded
[ 7.980020] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[ 8.033399] overlayfs: missing 'workdir'
[ 8.601819] random: nonblocking pool is initialized
[ 9.647765] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[ 9.701688] systemd[1]: systemd 231 running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ -LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN)
[ 9.701831] systemd[1]: Detected architecture x86.
[ 9.718955] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <localhost.localdomain>.
[ 9.719349] systemd[1]: Initializing machine ID from random generator.
[ 10.060375] systemd[1]: Started Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch.
[ 10.060433] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Kernel Socket.
[ 10.060469] systemd[1]: Listening on LVM2 metadata daemon socket.
[ 10.060603] systemd[1]: Set up automount Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point.
[ 10.060633] systemd[1]: Listening on LVM2 poll daemon socket.
[ 10.060668] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Control Socket.
[ 10.060710] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.
[ 10.060749] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).
[ 10.060763] systemd[1]: Reached target Paths.
[ 10.060798] systemd[1]: Listening on Device-mapper event daemon FIFOs.
[ 10.060838] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket.
[ 10.060857] systemd[1]: Reached target Encrypted Volumes.
[ 10.060888] systemd[1]: Listening on /dev/initctl Compatibility Named Pipe.
[ 10.060901] systemd[1]: Reached target Swap.
[ 10.060997] systemd[1]: Created slice User and Session Slice.
[ 10.061069] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Audit Socket.
[ 10.061143] systemd[1]: Created slice System Slice.
[ 10.080171] systemd[1]: Starting Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel...
[ 10.080200] systemd[1]: Started live-tools - System Support Scripts.
[ 10.080865] systemd[1]: Starting Set the console keyboard layout...
[ 10.084058] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Modules...
[ 10.084611] systemd[1]: Starting live-config contains the components that configure a live system during the boot process (late userspace)....
[ 10.085129] systemd[1]: Starting Monitoring of LVM2 mirrors, snapshots etc. using dmeventd or progress polling...
[ 10.085685] systemd[1]: Mounting Huge Pages File System...
[ 10.085705] systemd[1]: Reached target Slices.
[ 10.087106] systemd[1]: Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...
[ 10.087653] systemd[1]: Mounting Debug File System...
[ 10.088276] systemd[1]: Mounting POSIX Message Queue File System...
[ 10.088818] systemd[1]: Starting Journal Service...
[ 10.088922] systemd[1]: Created slice system-getty.slice.
[ 10.298409] systemd[1]: Started Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel.
[ 10.440183] systemd[1]: Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev...
[ 10.511025] systemd[1]: Mounted POSIX Message Queue File System.
[ 10.513471] systemd[1]: Mounted Debug File System.
[ 10.513511] systemd[1]: Mounted Huge Pages File System.
[ 10.513780] systemd[1]: Started Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.
[ 10.575669] systemd[1]: Starting udev Coldplug all Devices...
[ 10.576602] systemd[1]: Starting Load/Save Random Seed...
[ 10.602473] systemd[1]: Started LVM2 metadata daemon.
[ 10.735641] fuse init (API version 7.25)
[ 10.806012] systemd[1]: Started Load/Save Random Seed.
[ 10.928239] systemd[1]: Started udev Coldplug all Devices.
[ 10.995223] systemd[1]: Started Journal Service.
[ 11.035982] systemd-journald[450]: Received request to flush runtime journal from PID 1
[ 11.419947] SGI XFS with ACLs, security attributes, realtime, no debug enabled
[ 12.056034] JFS: nTxBlock = 8192, nTxLock = 65536
[ 12.189156] Loading iSCSI transport class v2.0-870.
[ 12.290276] iscsi: registered transport (tcp)
[ 12.604081] iscsi: registered transport (iser)
[ 19.931453] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input6
[ 19.931459] ACPI: Power Button [PWRB]
[ 19.931541] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input7
[ 19.931544] ACPI: Power Button [PWRF]
[ 20.049337] shpchp: Standard Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.4
[ 20.052585] parport_pc 00:04: reported by Plug and Play ACPI
[ 20.052653] parport0: PC-style at 0x378, irq 7 [PCSPP,TRISTATE]
[ 20.580212] ACPI Warning: SystemIO range 0x0000000000000428-0x000000000000042F conflicts with OpRegion 0x000000000000042C-0x000000000000042D (\GP2C) (20160422/utaddress-255)
[ 20.580220] ACPI: If an ACPI driver is available for this device, you should use it instead of the native driver
[ 20.580254] lpc_ich: Resource conflict(s) found affecting gpio_ich
[ 20.680592] sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[ 20.680637] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
[ 20.684964] i801_smbus 0000:00:1f.3: SMBus using PCI interrupt
[ 20.833342] gameport gameport0: EMU10K1 is pci0000:05:00.1/gameport0, io 0xd100, speed 1028kHz
[ 20.913527] input: PC Speaker as /devices/platform/pcspkr/input/input8
[ 21.021706] [drm] Initialized drm 1.1.0 20060810
[ 21.519937] wmi: Mapper loaded
[ 21.804646] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: NVIDIA G92 (092a00a2)
[ 21.804652] pmd_set_huge: Cannot satisfy [mem 0xf6000000-0xf6200000] with a huge-page mapping due to MTRR override.
[ 21.864795] ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
[ 21.911978] iTCO_vendor_support: vendor-support=0
[ 21.913336] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: bios: version 62.92.6d.00.07
[ 21.934125] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: fb: 1024 MiB GDDR3
[ 21.985429] kvm: disabled by bios
[ 21.989054] [TTM] Zone kernel: Available graphics memory: 410932 kiB
[ 21.989058] [TTM] Zone highmem: Available graphics memory: 4148984 kiB
[ 21.989059] [TTM] Initializing pool allocator
[ 21.989066] [TTM] Initializing DMA pool allocator
[ 21.989085] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: VRAM: 1024 MiB
[ 21.989087] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: GART: 1048576 MiB
[ 21.989092] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: TMDS table version 2.0
[ 21.989094] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB version 4.0
[ 21.989097] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB outp 00: 02000300 00000028
[ 21.989099] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB outp 01: 01000302 00020030
[ 21.989101] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB outp 02: 04011310 00020028
[ 21.989103] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB outp 03: 02022322 00020010
[ 21.989105] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB conn 00: 00000100
[ 21.989107] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB conn 01: 00001030
[ 21.989109] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB conn 02: 00002261
[ 22.015239] [drm] Supports vblank timestamp caching Rev 2 (21.10.2013).
[ 22.015242] [drm] Driver supports precise vblank timestamp query.
[ 22.028948] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.21
[ 22.028966] NET: Registered protocol family 31
[ 22.028967] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[ 22.028972] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[ 22.028974] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[ 22.028980] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[ 22.046811] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: MM: using CRYPT for buffer copies
[ 22.054005] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D2: autoconfig for ALC889A: line_outs=4 (0x14/0x15/0x16/0x17/0x0) type:line
[ 22.054008] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D2: speaker_outs=0 (0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 22.054011] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D2: hp_outs=1 (0x1b/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 22.054012] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D2: mono: mono_out=0x0
[ 22.054014] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D2: dig-out=0x1e/0x0
[ 22.054016] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D2: inputs:
[ 22.054018] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D2: Rear Mic=0x18
[ 22.054020] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D2: Front Mic=0x19
[ 22.054022] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D2: Line=0x1a
[ 22.054023] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D2: CD=0x1c
[ 22.054025] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D2: dig-in=0x1f
[ 22.084141] input: HDA Digital PCBeep as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input9
[ 22.085676] input: HDA Intel Rear Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input10
[ 22.085750] input: HDA Intel Front Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input11
[ 22.085820] input: HDA Intel Line as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input12
[ 22.085893] input: HDA Intel Line Out Front as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input13
[ 22.085963] input: HDA Intel Line Out Surround as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input14
[ 22.086034] input: HDA Intel Line Out CLFE as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input15
[ 22.086106] input: HDA Intel Line Out Side as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input16
[ 22.086635] iTCO_wdt: Intel TCO WatchDog Timer Driver v1.11
[ 22.086677] iTCO_wdt: Found a ICH9 TCO device (Version=2, TCOBASE=0x0460)
[ 22.086766] iTCO_wdt: initialized. heartbeat=30 sec (nowayout=0)
[ 22.139690] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: allocated 1920x1080 fb: 0x70000, bo ee424000
[ 22.139785] fbcon: nouveaufb (fb0) is primary device
[ 22.243512] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 200x56
[ 22.245256] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: fb0: nouveaufb frame buffer device
[ 22.305856] usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb
[ 22.308027] [drm] Initialized nouveau 1.3.1 20120801 for 0000:01:00.0 on minor 0
[ 22.395831] intel_powerclamp: No package C-state available
[ 22.464368] intel_powerclamp: No package C-state available
[ 22.628464] intel_powerclamp: No package C-state available
[ 22.797924] intel_powerclamp: No package C-state available
[ 40.957236] systemd[1]: apt-daily.timer: Adding 8h 20min 44.623520s random time.
[ 44.220090] Btrfs loaded, crc32c=crc32c-generic
[ 44.220094] BTRFS: selftest: sectorsize: 4096 nodesize: 4096
[ 44.220096] BTRFS: selftest: sectorsize: 4096 nodesize: 8192
[ 44.220098] BTRFS: selftest: sectorsize: 4096 nodesize: 16384
[ 44.220099] BTRFS: selftest: sectorsize: 4096 nodesize: 32768
[ 44.220101] BTRFS: selftest: sectorsize: 4096 nodesize: 65536
[ 44.776020] NILFS version 2 loaded
[ 52.932366] ata4.00: READ LOG DMA EXT failed, trying unqueued
[ 52.971942] ata4: failed to read log page 10h (errno=-5)
[ 52.971947] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x1 SAct 0xc0000 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[ 52.971949] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[ 52.971952] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 52.971958] ata4.00: cmd 60/00:90:b3:ce:04/01:00:00:00:00/40 tag 18 ncq 131072 in
res 41/04:98:b3:cf:04/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[ 52.971961] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[ 52.971963] ata4.00: error: { ABRT }
[ 52.971965] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 52.971970] ata4.00: cmd 60/00:98:b3:cf:04/01:00:00:00:00/40 tag 19 ncq 131072 in
res 41/04:98:b3:cf:04/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[ 52.971973] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[ 52.971975] ata4.00: error: { ABRT }
[ 53.021907] ata4.00: both IDENTIFYs aborted, assuming NODEV
[ 53.021909] ata4.00: revalidation failed (errno=-2)
[ 53.021912] ata4: hard resetting link
[ 53.488014] ata4: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 53.513272] ata4.00: both IDENTIFYs aborted, assuming NODEV
[ 53.513274] ata4.00: revalidation failed (errno=-2)
[ 58.488015] ata4: hard resetting link
[ 58.956015] ata4: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 58.993223] ata4.00: both IDENTIFYs aborted, assuming NODEV
[ 58.993227] ata4.00: revalidation failed (errno=-2)
[ 58.993229] ata4.00: disabled
[ 58.993250] ata4: EH complete
[ 58.993275] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#20 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 58.993282] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#22 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 58.993287] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#20 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 04 cf b3 00 01 00 00
[ 58.993289] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#22 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 ae a8 65 03 00 01 00 00
[ 58.993291] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2930271491
[ 58.993297] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 315315
[ 58.993319] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#21 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 58.993323] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#21 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 04 ce b3 00 01 00 00
[ 58.993326] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 315059
[ 58.993394] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#23 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 58.993398] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#23 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 ae a8 65 03 00 00 01 00
[ 58.993399] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2930271491
[ 58.993402] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 2930255360, async page read
[ 58.993407] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 58.993409] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 ae a8 65 04 00 00 01 00
[ 58.993411] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2930271492
[ 58.993413] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 2930255361, async page read
[ 58.993418] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#25 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 58.993421] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#25 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 ae a8 65 05 00 00 01 00
[ 58.993422] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2930271493
[ 58.993424] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 2930255362, async page read
[ 58.993428] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 58.993430] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 ae a8 65 06 00 00 01 00
[ 58.993432] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2930271494
[ 58.993433] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 2930255363, async page read
[ 58.993437] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#27 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 58.993439] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#27 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 ae a8 65 07 00 00 01 00
[ 58.993441] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2930271495
[ 58.993442] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 2930255364, async page read
[ 58.993446] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#28 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 58.993448] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#28 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 ae a8 65 08 00 00 01 00
[ 58.993450] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2930271496
[ 58.993451] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 2930255365, async page read
[ 58.993455] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#29 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 58.993458] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] tag#29 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 ae a8 65 09 00 00 01 00
[ 58.993459] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2930271497
[ 58.993461] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 2930255366, async page read
[ 58.993464] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 2930255367, async page read
[ 58.995552] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 2930255744, async page read
[ 58.995569] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 2930255745, async page read
root@debian:~# t
这个驱动器已经出现问题有一段时间了，但是对于 1.5GB 的驱动器，我真的很想在丢弃它之前看看里面有什么！
答案1
恢复：
启动到 Ubuntu Live DVD/USB，然后你可能能够查看/恢复磁盘 (/dev/sda5) 上的内容，并将文件复制到另一个磁盘驱动器。
您可能遇到了 NCQ 错误或坏块（或者只是 HDD 故障）。
[ 52.971965] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 52.971970] ata4.00: cmd 60/00:98:b3:cf:04/01:00:00:00:00/40 tag 19 ncq 131072 in
res 41/04:98:b3:cf:04/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x1 (device error)
全国质量保证委员会：
本机命令队列 (NCQ) 是串行 ATA 协议的扩展，允许硬盘驱动器内部优化接收的读写命令的执行顺序。
编辑/etc/default/grub并更改以下行以包含此额外参数。然后执行sudo update-grub将更改写入磁盘。重新启动。监视器挂起，并观察/var/log/syslog或dmesg是否继续出现错误消息。
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="安静启动 libata.force=noncq"
坏阻塞：
注意：不要中止坏块扫描！
注意：不要对 SSD 造成坏块
注意：请先备份您的重要文件！
注意：这将花费很多小时
注意：您可能面临硬盘故障
启动至 Ubuntu Live DVD/USB。
在terminal...
sudo fdisk -l# 识别所有“Linux 文件系统”分区
sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/sdXX# 只读测试
或者
sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sdXX# 非破坏性读写测试（受到推崇的）
-k 很重要，因为它会保存之前的坏块表，并将任何新的坏块添加到该表中。如果没有 -k，您将丢失所有之前的坏块信息。
-fccky 参数...
-f Force checking even if the file system seems clean.
-c This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program to do a
read-only scan of the device in order to find any bad blocks.
If any bad blocks are found, they are added to the bad block
inode to prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐
tory. If this option is specified twice, then the bad block
scan will be done using a non-destructive read-write test.
-k When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the
bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks found by
running badblocks(8) will be added to the existing bad blocks
list.
-y Assume an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be
used non-interactively. This option may not be specified at the
same time as the -n or -p options.