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help.ubuntu.com 上的 apache RedirectMatch 并非在所有情况下都重定向

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help.ubuntu.com 上的 apache RedirectMatch 并非在所有情况下都重定向

对于 20.04，Ubuntu 服务器指南已移至新位置。重定向已添加到 .htaccess 文件中。但是，它们并不适用于所有 URL。

请注意，help.ubuntu.com 的相关部分每天仅从主启动板分支发布一次。目标是做好这件​​事，因为我昨天显然没有做好。

工作示例：

https://help.ubuntu.com/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html.fr

前往：

https://ubuntu.com/server/docs

不起作用的示例：

https://help.ubuntu.com/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html

返回 404 未找到。

.htaccess 文件的相关部分：

# For 20.04, and likely onwards, the serveguide has moved.
# Don't try to be too clever, just force the base page and drop the rest.
#
RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.html)\..* https://ubuntu.com/server/docs
RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.pdf)\..* https://assets.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server-guide

似乎需要语言扩展才能工作。这个能用吗？

RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.html) https://ubuntu.com/server/docs
RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.pdf) https://assets.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server-guide

我没有办法在我的测试服务器上测试这一点，并希望在下一次发布时能够正确完成。

编辑：通过删除表达式的“行首”部分，事实证明我可以在我的测试服务器上调试它，该位置位于几个子目录中。通过 Muru 对答案的测试和我自己的测试，我对解决方案充满信心。

参考：
https://help.ubuntu.com/
https://code.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc/help.ubuntu.com/help.ubuntu.com
https://bazaar.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc/help.ubuntu.com/help.ubuntu.com/view/head:/.htaccess
Apache Web 服务器 - 如何删除语言扩展

答案1

在RedirectMatch（和AliasMatch)，正则表达式与 URL 匹配。它不必匹配整个 URL，除非使用^and进行锚定$。所以，是的，你的建议是：

RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.html) https://ubuntu.com/server/docs
RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.pdf) https://assets.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server-guide

将匹配/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html.fr和/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html。它还将匹配/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html.frfoobar，但同样，原始版本也是如此。

如果你已经安装了 Docker，测试它并不困难：

  1. 获取 docker 镜像和 Apache 配置：

    docker run --rm httpd:2.4-alpine cat /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf > my-httpd.conf
  2. 编辑my-httpd.conf以包含AllowOveride All在<Directory "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs">块中

  3. 创建您的 htaccess 文件：

    mkdir foo
cat > foo/.htaccess <<EOF
RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.html) https://ubuntu.com/server/docs
RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.pdf) https://assets.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server-guide
EOF

  4. 创建一些测试用例：

    cat > urls <<EOF
localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html.fr
localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html
localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/serverguide.pdf
localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/serverguide.pdf.fr
localhost:8080/foo/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.htmlbar
EOF

  5. 运行apache：

    docker run -d --name apache -p 8080:80 -v $PWD/my-httpd.conf:/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf -v $PWD/foo:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ httpd:2.4-alpine

  6. 针对此本地 Apache 服务器测试您的 URL：

    % xargs -ta urls  -n1 curl -sI
curl -sI localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html.fr
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 15:58:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.43 (Unix)
Location: https://ubuntu.com/server/docs
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

curl -sI localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 15:58:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.43 (Unix)
Location: https://ubuntu.com/server/docs
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

curl -sI localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/serverguide.pdf
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 15:58:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.43 (Unix)
Location: https://assets.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server-guide
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

curl -sI localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/serverguide.pdf.fr
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 15:58:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.43 (Unix)
Location: https://assets.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server-guide
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

curl -sI localhost:8080/foo/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.htmlbar
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 15:58:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.43 (Unix)
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

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