从 16.04 升级到 18.04，再从 18.04 升级到 20.04 后出现与硬件支持堆栈 (HWE) 相关的不完整警告消息

Question

这是 VirtualBox 中的虚拟机。

我感觉下面的消息试图告诉我一些事情，但无法告诉我到底发生了什么

这是从 16.04 升级到 18.04 后出现的，因此它被延续到了 20.04

Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-28-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  System information as of Fri 01 May 2020 12:11:08 PM CEST

  System load:  1.75                Processes:                312
  Usage of /:   28.6% of 117.25GB   Users logged in:          0
  Memory usage: 25%                 IPv4 address for docker0: 172.17.0.1
  Swap usage:   0%                  IPv4 address for eth0:    xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

  => There is 1 zombie process.


0 updates can be installed immediately.
0 of these updates are security updates.


You have packages from the Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) installed that
are going out of support on 2025-04-30.

To upgrade to a supported (or longer-supported) configuration:

* Upgrade from Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS by running:
sudo do-release-upgrade -p

OR

* Switch to the current security-supported stack by running:
sudo apt-get install

and reboot your system.

该行不应该sudo apt-get install包含包名称吗？

做apt-get update && apt-get upgrade沒有幫助。

这样做apt-get install也无济于事：

$ sudo apt-get install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libaec-dev libaec0 libeccodes-data libgfortran4 libgl1-mesa-glx libsz2 linux-image-4.4.0-178-generic linux-modules-4.4.0-178-generic
  linux-modules-extra-4.4.0-178-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

$ sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  libaec-dev libaec0 libeccodes-data libgfortran4 libgl1-mesa-glx libsz2 linux-image-4.4.0-178-generic linux-modules-4.4.0-178-generic
  linux-modules-extra-4.4.0-178-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 9 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 271 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 142621 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing libaec-dev:amd64 (1.0.4-1) ...
Removing libsz2:amd64 (1.0.4-1) ...
Removing libaec0:amd64 (1.0.4-1) ...
Removing libeccodes-data (2.16.0-1) ...
Removing libgfortran4:amd64 (7.5.0-6ubuntu2) ...
Removing libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 (20.0.4-2ubuntu1) ...
Removing linux-modules-extra-4.4.0-178-generic (4.4.0-178.208) ...
Removing linux-image-4.4.0-178-generic (4.4.0-178.208) ...
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-178-generic
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-28-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-28-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-99-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-99-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.2.0-34-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.2.0-34-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done
Removing linux-modules-4.4.0-178-generic (4.4.0-178.208) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9) ...

打印出从 18.04 升级到 20.04 的结束信息

Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: warning: package not in status nor available database at line 2: gcc-5:amd64
dpkg: warning: package not in status nor available database at line 3: libharfbuzz-dev:amd64
dpkg: warning: package not in status nor available database at line 4: libharfbuzz-icu0:amd64
dpkg: warning: package not in status nor available database at line 5: libisl19:amd64
dpkg: warning: found unknown packages; this might mean the available database is outdated, and needs to be updated through a frontend method; please see the FAQ <https://wiki.debian.org/Teams/Dpkg/FAQ>

System upgrade is complete.

我怎样才能找到这个有问题的消息的根源？

Answer 1

我设法找到了该消息的根本原因，原来仍安装着过时的 Linux 内核。

我所做的是首先找到这条消息的来源，/etc/update-motd.d/95-hwe-eol并将其打印出来。

这个文件实际上只是执行了该文件/usr/lib/update-notifier/update-motd-hwe-eol。

除其他内容外，该文件还执行了/usr/bin/hwe-support-status一个 Python 脚本，它在进行一些检查后实际上会生成消息。

此文件检查的内容之一是内核映像的正则表达式：

UNSUPPORTED_KERNEL_IMAGE_REGEX = \
    r'linux-image.*-(3\.16|3\.19|4\.2)(\.[0-9]+)?-.*'

我的/boot/目录包含以下文件：

drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4.0K May  1 12:12 .
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4.0K May  1 11:59 ..
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4.0K May  1 12:12 grub
-rw-------  1 root root 3.6M Mar 11  2016 System.map-4.2.0-34-generic
-rw-------  1 root root 3.9M Apr 22 20:31 System.map-4.15.0-99-generic
-rw-------  1 root root 4.6M Apr 22 16:08 System.map-5.4.0-28-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1.3M Mar 11  2016 abi-4.2.0-34-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 181K Mar 11  2016 config-4.2.0-34-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 213K Apr 22 20:31 config-4.15.0-99-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 233K Apr 22 16:08 config-5.4.0-28-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  31M May  1 11:59 initrd.img-4.2.0-34-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  40M May  1 11:58 initrd.img-4.15.0-99-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  48M May  1 12:06 initrd.img-5.4.0-28-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 179K Feb 14 00:09 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 181K Feb 14 00:09 memtest86+.elf
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 181K Feb 14 00:09 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw-------  1 root root 6.5M Mar 11  2016 vmlinuz-4.2.0-34-generic
-rw-------  1 root root 8.0M Apr 22 20:32 vmlinuz-4.15.0-99-generic
-rw-------  1 root root  12M Apr 22 16:43 vmlinuz-5.4.0-28-generic

这暗示4.2.0安装了不受支持的内核。

为了找到究竟是什么导致脚本打印出该消息，我复制了该脚本并对其进行了修改，以打印出有问题的包。

21:15 user@machine [dev] ~/debug-hwe$ ./hwe-support-status --show-all-unsupported --verbose --show-replacements
show_all_unsupported True
unsupported backport linux-image-4.2.0-34-generic
unsupported backport linux-image-extra-4.2.0-34-generic

因此删除sudo apt purge linux-image-4.2.0-34-generic这两个包会导致消息消失。

基本上没什么危害，因为该内核不再使用，但无论如何清理它都是好事。我也删除了它，4.15.0因为我也不需要它。

看起来该脚本在打印与内核相关问题相关的消息方面有点错误。

Answer 2

从 16.04 升级到 20.04 后遇到了同样的问题。

显示./hwe-support-status --show-all-unsupported --verbose的内容什么也没有，只是ubuntu-security-status --unavailable（自 2020 年 4 月的更新管理器 1：20.04.9 版本以来，在此之前ubuntu-support-status）显示了来自上次主要更新的一些软件包，linux-headers-generic-lts-utopic在我的情况下触发了 motd 警告。

看来我有一些清理工作要做；）