我尝试通过以下方式将 Ubuntu 18 升级到 20：这指示。
并完成了该指令的某些部分，如下所示：
(base) so@so-notebook:~$ sudo apt upgrade -y
[sudo] password for so:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
(base) so@so-notebook:~$ sudo apt --purge autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
(base) so@so-notebook:~$ $ sudo apt install update-manager-core -y
$: command not found
(base) so@so-notebook:~$ sudo apt install update-manager-core -y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
update-manager-core is already the newest version (1:18.04.11.12).
update-manager-core set to manually installed.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
(base) so@so-notebook:~$ sudo do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
There is no development version of an LTS available.
To upgrade to the latest non-LTS develoment release
set Prompt=normal in /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades.
但是当我运行这个命令时；
sudo do-release-upgrade -d
我收到此错误：
so@so-notebook:~$ sudo do-release-upgrade -d
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
Get:1 Upgrade tool signature [1,554 B]
Get:2 Upgrade tool [1,342 kB]
Fetched 1,343 kB in 0s (0 B/s)
authenticate 'focal.tar.gz' against 'focal.tar.gz.gpg'
extracting 'focal.tar.gz'
Reading cache
Checking package manager
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Hit http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:1 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/team-xbmc/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/alessandro-strada/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/audio-recorder/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/daniel-marynicz/filemanager-actions/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:2 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu bionic-updates/main i386 Packages [685 kB]
Get:3 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages [951 kB]
Get:4 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [306 kB]
Get:5 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1,077 kB]
Get:6 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1,077 kB]
Get:7 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1,077 kB]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-daily/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:9 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease [1,811 B]
Get:10 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1,077 kB]
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-updates InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Ign http://apt.izzysoft.de/ubuntu generic InRelease
Hit http://apt.keepsolid.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-updates Release
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/gencfsm/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Err https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic InRelease
403 Forbidden [IP: 143.204.89.126 443]
Hit http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Err http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages
Hash Sum mismatch
Hashes of expected file:
- Filesize:1076852 [weak]
- SHA256:6fb0b01277f075a635caaea91c90d7737abca81571553d9adb994c6c199ba6b3
- SHA1:8c8aacee3ec43b9465d53d38a5fccac4eb4df539 [weak]
- MD5Sum:08335541a1b566fdc1dfe813ee608f64 [weak]
Hashes of received file:
- SHA256:b7ae0d9c731fad8337a6e5a9e287127e112ca923c80eff1ced49c5233234db9e
- SHA1:f02ab0ace6245d6e64a17acce1d2e2f6f617f6e2 [weak]
- MD5Sum:202ee76128028fb0aa16456af288dae9 [weak]
- Filesize:1076852 [weak]
Last modification reported: Thu, 04 Jun 2020 13:09:44 +0000
Release file created at: Thu, 04 Jun 2020 13:53:49 +0000
Hit https://repo.skype.com/deb stable InRelease
Hit http://archive.canonical.com bionic InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net/gezakovacs/pdfocr/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:11 https://shaggytwodope.github.io/repo ./ InRelease [1,031 B]
Err http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 78BD65473CB3BD13
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/graphics-drivers/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net/hanipouspilot/rtlwifi/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:12 https://mega.nz/linux/MEGAsync/xUbuntu_18.04 ./ InRelease [2,468 B]
Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main i386 Packages [474 kB]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/haraldhv/shotcut/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [727 kB]
Err https://shaggytwodope.github.io/repo ./ InRelease
The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7086E9CC7EC3233B
Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [43.8 kB]
Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,464 B]
Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe i386 Packages [623 kB]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/texlive/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/linrunner/tlp/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:18 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 Packages [669 kB]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net/mank319/go-for-it/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit https://apt.izzysoft.de/ubuntu generic Release
Get:19 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [49.2 kB]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/micahflee/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/morphis/anbox-support/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/mosquitto-dev/mosquitto-ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/nilarimogard/webupd8/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/noobslab/apps/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/noobslab/icons/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/noobslab/themes/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/obsproject/obs-studio/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/openshot.developers/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/peek-developers/stable/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/remmina-ppa-team/remmina-next/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/samoilov-lex/aftl-stable/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/slgobinath/uget-chrome-wrapper/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/stebbins/handbrake-releases/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/teejee2008/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/thierry-f/fork-michael-gruz/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/tractor-team/tractor/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-desktop/ubuntu-make/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-wine/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntuhandbook1/lives/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/uget-team/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/indicator-kdeconnect/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net/gezakovacs/pdfocr/ubuntu bionic Release
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net/hanipouspilot/rtlwifi/ubuntu bionic Release
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net/mank319/go-for-it/ubuntu bionic Release
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
Err http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-wine/ppa/ubuntu bionic Release
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
Fetched 3,757 kB in 6s (0 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
No candidate ver: torguard
Updating repository information
Third party sources disabled
Some third party entries in your sources.list were disabled. You can
re-enable them after the upgrade with the 'software-properties' tool
or your package manager.
To continue please press [ENTER]
Get:1 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [12.1 kB]
Get:2 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.canonical.com focal InRelease [12.1 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [107 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal/partner Sources [1,416 B]
Get:6 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal/partner amd64 Packages [1,600 B]
Get:7 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [107 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted amd64 Packages [8,924 B]
Get:9 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal/partner i386 Packages [1,620 B]
Get:10 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal/partner Translation-en [804 B]
Get:11 http://archive.canonical.com focal/partner i386 Packages [1,620 B]
Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted Translation-en [2,516 B]
Get:13 http://archive.canonical.com focal/partner amd64 Packages [1,600 B]
Get:14 http://archive.canonical.com focal/partner Translation-en [804 B]
Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security i386 Contents (deb) [1,288 kB]
Get:16 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/multiverse Sources [174 kB]
Get:17 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/universe Sources [9,707 kB]
Get:18 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security amd64 Contents (deb) [2,698 kB]
Get:19 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B]
Get:20 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main i386 Packages [31.6 kB]
Get:21 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 Packages [92.7 kB]
Get:22 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main Translation-en [35.5 kB]
Get:23 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [18.7 kB]
Get:24 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [8,330 B]
Get:25 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [12.1 kB]
Get:26 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [2,612 B]
Get:27 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [1,172 B]
Get:28 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/multiverse Translation-en [540 B]
Get:29 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B]
Get:30 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe i386 Packages [9,880 B]
Get:31 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 Packages [33.0 kB]
Get:32 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe Translation-en [15.7 kB]
Get:33 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [31.6 kB]
Get:34 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [3,321 B]
Get:35 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [5,013 B]
Get:36 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [1,304 B]
Get:37 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/main Sources [847 kB]
Get:38 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/restricted Sources [6,472 B]
Get:39 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/main i386 Packages [718 kB]
Get:40 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages [970 kB]
Get:41 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/main Translation-en [506 kB]
Get:42 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [494 kB]
Get:43 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [98.4 kB]
Get:44 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [163 kB]
Get:45 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal i386 Contents (deb) [32.2 MB]
Get:46 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal amd64 Contents (deb) [40.9 MB]
Get:47 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [29.5 kB]
Get:48 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/universe i386 Packages [4,642 kB]
Get:49 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 Packages [8,628 kB]
Get:50 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/universe Translation-en [5,124 kB]
Get:51 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3,603 kB]
Get:52 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [3,016 kB]
Get:53 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [7,794 kB]
Get:54 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [265 kB]
Get:55 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/multiverse i386 Packages [74.7 kB]
Get:56 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/multiverse amd64 Packages [144 kB]
Get:57 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/multiverse Translation-en [104 kB]
Get:58 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [48.4 kB]
Get:59 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/multiverse DEP-11 48x48 Icons [23.1 kB]
Get:60 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/multiverse DEP-11 64x64 Icons [192 kB]
Get:61 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [9,136 B]
Get:62 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/restricted i386 Packages [8,112 B]
Get:63 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/restricted amd64 Packages [22.0 kB]
Get:64 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/restricted Translation-en [6,212 B]
Get:65 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [392 B]
Get:66 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/main i386 Packages [92.8 kB]
Get:67 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages [176 kB]
Get:68 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/main Translation-en [69.2 kB]
Get:69 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [102 kB]
Get:70 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [22.8 kB]
Get:71 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [37.5 kB]
Get:72 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates i386 Contents (deb) [2,638 kB]
Get:73 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates amd64 Contents (deb) [4,144 kB]
Get:74 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [5,248 B]
Get:75 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/universe i386 Packages [55.0 kB]
Get:76 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 Packages [101 kB]
Get:77 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/universe Translation-en [46.4 kB]
Get:78 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [143 kB]
Get:79 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [70.3 kB]
Get:80 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [112 kB]
Get:81 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [3,656 B]
Get:82 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [1,172 B]
Get:83 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/multiverse Translation-en [540 B]
Get:84 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B]
Get:85 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [8,924 B]
Get:86 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted Translation-en [2,516 B]
Get:87 http://ubuntu.unitedcolo.de/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B]
Fetched 133 MB in 6s (388 kB/s)
Checking package manager
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating the changes
Calculating the changes
Could not calculate the upgrade
An unresolvable problem occurred while calculating the upgrade.
This was likely caused by:
* Unofficial software packages not provided by Ubuntu
Please use the tool 'ppa-purge' from the ppa-purge
package to remove software from a Launchpad PPA and
try the upgrade again.
If none of this applies, then please report this bug using the
command 'ubuntu-bug ubuntu-release-upgrader-core' in a terminal. If
you want to investigate this yourself the log files in
'/var/log/dist-upgrade' will contain details about the upgrade.
Specifically, look at 'main.log' and 'apt.log'.
Restoring original system state
Aborting
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
(base) so@so-notebook:~$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=18.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=bionic
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS"
这apt.log文件形式/var/log/dist-upgrade可以看到文件夹这里和主日志也是这里。
那么您如何看待这个问题呢？
更新：
我也根据评论完成了这个命令：
(base) so@so-notebook:~$ apt-mark showhold
(base) so@so-notebook:~$
(base) so@so-notebook:~$ dpkg -l | grep "^hi"
(base) so@so-notebook:~$
谢谢。
答案1
线索就在错误文本中：
This was likely caused by:
* Unofficial software packages not provided by Ubuntu
Please use the tool 'ppa-purge' from the ppa-purge
package to remove software from a Launchpad PPA and
try the upgrade again.
因此，请注意您已安装哪些 PPA：然后，如果ppa-purge未安装该软件包，则安装它并使用它ppa-purge删除所有 PPA 软件包。最后，重试升级。
答案2
似乎某个 ppa 与升级过程产生了一些冲突。似乎您有一些被保留的软件包。
主日志：'E:Error，pkgProblemResolver::Resolve 生成中断，这可能是由保留的软件包引起的
也许可以尝试找出哪些软件包被阻止升级。
apt-mark showhold
或者
dpkg -l | grep "^hi"
但是，我会等到 20.04.1 发布后再升级。当我从 18.04 升级时，我遇到了太多启动错误，导致启动时间延长到 3 分钟以上。