我有两个完全相同的新 SSD 磁盘。
我在其中一个上安装了 Windows 10，然后在第二个上安装了 Ubuntu 20.04。
一切都很好，过了一段时间后，重新启动计算机后磁盘就消失了。接下来的几次重新启动使它再次工作。
几天后，两个磁盘又消失了。我使用 live cd ubuntu 检查发生了什么，似乎 nautilius 可以看到这些磁盘，它们没有问题。
我修复了 grub，并尝试重新安装 grub，但现在只有 ubuntu 可以工作。在 grub 菜单中，选择 windows 会出现这种错误：device not found. hd1 gpt2 not found或hd0 gpt2 not found。它看起来很随机，有时显示 hd0，有时显示 hd1。
我发现了很多类似的话题，但我真的不明白这些人在谈论什么。
你能帮助我吗？
fdisk -l结果：
Disk /dev/loop0: 54,97 MiB, 57614336 bytes, 112528 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop1: 97,1 MiB, 101724160 bytes, 198680 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop2: 30,29 MiB, 31756288 bytes, 62024 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop3: 161,42 MiB, 169254912 bytes, 330576 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop4: 255,58 MiB, 267980800 bytes, 523400 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop5: 54,97 MiB, 57618432 bytes, 112536 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop6: 25,12 MiB, 26333184 bytes, 51432 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop7: 62,9 MiB, 65105920 bytes, 127160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 223,58 GiB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Disk model: CT240BX500SSD1
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 0A651799-E4FC-4DAB-9394-16B19B2D88F9
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1085439 1083392 529M Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda2 1085440 1288191 202752 99M EFI System
/dev/sda3 1288192 1320959 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda4 1320960 468860927 467539968 223G Microsoft basic data
Disk /dev/sdb: 223,58 GiB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Disk model: CT240BX500SSD1
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe5ff8554
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 * 2048 1050623 1048576 512M ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
/dev/sdb2 1052670 468860927 467808258 223,1G 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1052672 468860927 467808256 223,1G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/loop8: 96,52 MiB, 101191680 bytes, 197640 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop9: 332,84 MiB, 348983296 bytes, 681608 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop10: 49,8 MiB, 52203520 bytes, 101960 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop11: 43,16 MiB, 45248512 bytes, 88376 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop12: 332,9 MiB, 349048832 bytes, 681736 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop13: 255,58 MiB, 267980800 bytes, 523400 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop14: 29,84 MiB, 31272960 bytes, 61080 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
答案1
来自评论...
通常，在 UEFI 计算机上，磁盘采用 GPT 分区表格式化（2TB 或更大的磁盘必须如此）。
通常，在多启动计算机上，操作系统以相同的方式安装，即 UEFI/GPT 或 BIOS/MBR。
您的 Windows SSD (/dev/sda) 为 GPT，而 Ubuntu SSD (/dev/sdb) 为 MBR。这导致 GRUB 出现混乱。
- 备份重要的 Ubuntu 和 Windows 文件
- 启动至 Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
- 开始
gparted - 在 /dev/sdb 上安装一个新的 GPT 分区表（这将擦除驱动器）
- 辞职
gparted - 在 /dev/sdb 上重新安装 Ubuntu