我的 Ubuntu Server 20.04 运行得相当快，直到大约 10-15 分钟前重新启动，在撰写本文时，它大约需要 3-5 分钟才能关机，大约需要 1-3 分钟才能重新启动，现在我做的一切都非常慢，我的网站没有加载，运行大约需要 5-10 秒ls我正在寻找方向，我有一个不错的 RAM，大约 8GB，我有 50GB 的 SWAP 空间，我还有 2 个 HDD 和 1 个 SSD。任何指导都会有所帮助！谢谢。如果您需要/想要任何日志或文件，我会非常乐意将它们提供给您。
顶部
top - 19:42:00 up 1:43, 2 users, load average: 0.40, 0.44, 0.57
Tasks: 216 total, 1 running, 215 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.8 us, 1.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 93.3 id, 4.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.2 si, 0.0 st
MiB Mem : 7833.5 total, 4891.3 free, 1260.4 used, 1681.8 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 65536.0 total, 64037.3 free, 1498.7 used. 6287.4 avail Mem
Unknown command - try 'h' for help
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2835 root 20 0 437496 3492 2036 S 3.0 0.0 2:17.34 ebpf.plugin
2836 netdata 20 0 55524 5244 2008 S 2.0 0.1 1:31.61 apps.plugin
2618 netdata 20 0 343024 87172 4060 S 1.0 1.1 0:57.31 netdata
923 root 20 0 838872 16224 6192 S 0.3 0.2 0:12.16 f2b/server
1066 mysql 20 0 1736500 48264 9200 S 0.3 0.6 5:17.49 mysqld
2841 netdata 20 0 725444 11980 5240 S 0.3 0.1 1:24.26 go.d.plugin
11134 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.3 0.0 0:00.07 kworker/1:3-events
1 root 20 0 168612 9160 6308 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.88 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_gp
4 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_par_gp
6 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-kblockd
8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.79 ksoftirqd/0
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:01.32 rcu_sched
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 migration/0
12 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 idle_inject/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/0
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/1
16 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 idle_inject/1
17 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.31 migration/1
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.76 ksoftirqd/1
20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H-kblockd
21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs
22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_tasks_kthre
24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd
26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khungtaskd
27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 oom_reaper
28 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback
29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kcompactd0
30 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd
31 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khugepaged
123 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd
124 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd
125 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 blkcg_punt_bio
126 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 tpm_dev_wq
127 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_sff
128 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md
129 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 edac-poller
130 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 devfreq_wq
131 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdogd
132 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.56 kswapd0
133 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ecryptfs-kthrea
136 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthrotld
138 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 acpi_thermal_pm
139 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 scsi_eh_0
140 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_0
141 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 scsi_eh_1
142 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_1
145 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 scsi_eh_2
146 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_2
147 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 scsi_eh_3
148 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_3
150 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 scsi_eh_4
151 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_4
系统日志
Aug 26 19:38:49 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcGLg6Sy7z1P6tS: error writing 4BcGPj2rstz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:50 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPk2sYtz1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:38:50 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:38:50 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: 4BcGPk2sYtz1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:38:50 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcGCl3HKWz1P6tL: error writing 4BcGPk2sYtz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:51 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPl2tGlz1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:38:51 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:38:51 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: 4BcGPl2tGlz1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:38:51 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcGJP0tXyz1P6tQ: error writing 4BcGPl2tGlz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:52 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPm2v3Sz1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:38:52 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:38:52 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: 4BcGPm2v3Sz1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:38:52 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcGP05FY8z1P6tR: error writing 4BcGPm2v3Sz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:53 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPn2vlhz1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:38:53 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:38:53 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: 4BcGPn2vlhz1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:38:53 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcFwl1Dkmz1P6t1: error writing 4BcGPn2vlhz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:54 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPp2wX8z1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:38:54 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:38:54 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: 4BcGPp2wX8z1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:38:54 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcFKb1RZqz1P6sP: error writing 4BcGPp2wX8z1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:55 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPq2xQQz1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:39:01 mail CRON[11024]: (root) CMD (/bin/bash /usr/local/bin/fail2ban_banned_db unban_db)
Aug 26 19:39:01 mail CRON[11030]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php/sessionclean ] && if [ ! -d /run/systemd/system ]; then /usr/lib/php/sessionclean; fi)
Aug 26 19:39:02 mail systemd[1]: Starting Clean php session files...
Aug 26 19:39:02 mail systemd[1]: phpsessionclean.service: Succeeded.
Aug 26 19:39:02 mail systemd[1]: Finished Clean php session files.
Aug 26 19:39:43 mail postfix/master[2610]: warning: unix_trigger_event: read timeout for service public/pickup
Aug 26 19:40:01 mail CRON[11166]: (www-data) CMD (php -f /var/www/nextcloud/cron.php)
Aug 26 19:40:01 mail CRON[11167]: (root) CMD (/bin/bash /usr/local/bin/fail2ban_banned_db unban_db)
Aug 26 19:40:43 mail postfix/master[2610]: warning: unix_trigger_event: read timeout for service public/pickup
Aug 26 19:41:01 mail CRON[11214]: (root) CMD (/bin/bash /usr/local/bin/fail2ban_banned_db unban_db)
Aug 26 19:41:04 mail postfix/proxymap[6357]: warning: connect to mysql server 127.0.0.1:3306: Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (110)
Aug 26 19:41:04 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:41:04 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: 4BcGPq2xQQz1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:41:04 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcG1N5yKQz1P6t8: error writing 4BcGPq2xQQz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:41:04 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGSJ5QClz1P6tV: uid=997 from=<netdata>
Aug 26 19:41:43 mail postfix/master[2610]: warning: unix_trigger_event: read timeout for service public/pickup
Aug 26 19:42:02 mail CRON[11299]: (root) CMD (/bin/bash /usr/local/bin/fail2ban_banned_db unban_db)
Aug 26 19:42:43 mail postfix/master[2610]: warning: unix_trigger_event: read timeout for service public/pickup
Aug 26 19:43:01 mail CRON[11350]: (root) CMD (/bin/bash /usr/local/bin/fail2ban_banned_db unban_db)
Aug 26 19:43:15 mail postfix/proxymap[6357]: warning: connect to mysql server 127.0.0.1:3306: Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (110)
Aug 26 19:43:15 mail postfix/trivial-rewrite[11236]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/transport_maps_maillist.cf lookup error for "*"
其他请求的数据
root@mail:/var/log# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6Gi 1.2Gi 4.8Gi 27Mi 1.6Gi 6.1Gi
Swap: 63Gi 1.5Gi 62Gi
root@mail:/var/log# grep -i swap /etc/fstab
/dev/disk/by-uuid/0edf561f-17da-4d10-89f3-45f3abb4ee82 none swap sw 0 0
/swap.img none swap sw 0 0
root@mail:/var/log# ls -al /swap.img
-rw------- 1 root root 4294967296 Aug 25 01:26 /swap.img
答案1
BIOS
HP Compaq 6000 Pro SFF
您的 BIOS 版本为 01.09，发布日期为 2009 年 8 月 25 日。
有较新的 BIOS 可用，版本 02.03 Rev A，发布日期为 2015 年 11 月 27 日，可下载这里。
注意：确认我拥有适合您型号的正确网页。
注意：更新 BIOS 之前请做好备份。
注意：要更新 BIOS，您需要 Windows 或 USB 闪存盘上的 FreeDOS，或者检查 HP BIOS 是否有办法直接从 BIOS 本身进行更新。
交换
你的交换空间太大了，达到 65G。
/dev/sda5 上有约 60G 的交换空间，/swap.img 中有约 4G 的交换空间。
我们将消除 /dev/sda5 上的 ~60G 交换空间，并仅在 /swap.img 中的 4G 交换空间上运行。稍后您可以将 ~60G 的 /dev/sda5 分区用于其他用途。
sudo swapoff -a # 关闭交换
编辑 /etc/fstab：
sudo pico /etc/fstab
注释掉这一行：
/dev/disk/by-uuid/0edf561f-17da-4d10-89f3-45f3abb4ee82 none swap sw 0 0
保存文件。
sudo swapon /swap.img# 仅使用 /swap.img 即可打开交换
现在free -h看起来大概像这样：
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6Gi 1.2Gi 4.8Gi 27Mi 1.6Gi 6.1Gi
Swap: 4Gi 0Gi 4Gi
postfix/mysql
我在 /var/log/syslog 中看到很多 postfix 和 mysql 错误。您必须稍后排除故障。如果需要，请提出新问题。查看为什么 mysql 似乎没有运行。
SSD 与 HDD 对比
现在您正在从 HDD 启动。
为了进一步加快系统速度，请考虑更改配置，以便从 SSD 启动，并将 HDD 设为数据驱动器。换句话说...从头开始重建系统。