我已经安装了最新版本的 Ubuntu LTS 20.04.1，现在当我尝试安装更新时，软件更新程序会显示“可用空间不足”的消息。它还表明：
升级需要磁盘“/boot”上总共 243 M 的可用空间。请在“/boot”上至少释放 10.2 M 的额外磁盘空间。您可以使用“sudo apt autoremove”删除旧内核，也可以在 /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf 中设置 COMPRESS=xz 以减小 initramfs 的大小。
当前版本是 18.04 LTS 的更新版本，并非全新安装，因此我没有遇到此问题。我使用过sudo apt-get autoremove，但sudo apt-get clean无法运行软件更新程序。我也重新启动过，但没有任何效果。任何帮助都将不胜感激。
输出sudo apt autoremove：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 16 not upgraded
输出ls -lah /boot：
total 217M
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 1.0K Dec 2 09:53 .
drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 4.0K Oct 20 07:08 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 233K Oct 21 02:00 config-5.4.0-53-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 233K Nov 5 09:03 config-5.4.0-54-generic
drwx------ 3 root root 4.0K Dec 31 1969 efi
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 1.0K Nov 24 07:39 grub
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Nov 17 07:52 initrd.img -> initrd.img-5.4.0-54-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 81M Nov 13 07:33 initrd.img-5.4.0-53-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 103M Dec 2 09:53 initrd.img-5.4.0-54-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Nov 17 07:52 initrd.img.old -> initrd.img-5.4.0-53-generic
drwx------ 2 root root 12K Nov 15 2018 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 179K Aug 18 03:46 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181K Aug 18 03:46 memtest86+.elf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181K Aug 18 03:46 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw------- 1 root root 4.6M Oct 21 02:00 System.map-5.4.0-53-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 4.6M Nov 5 09:03 System.map-5.4.0-54-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Nov 17 07:52 vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-5.4.0-54-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 12M Oct 21 02:01 vmlinuz-5.4.0-53-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 12M Nov 5 10:11 vmlinuz-5.4.0-54-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Nov 17 07:52 vmlinuz.old -> vmlinuz-5.4.0-53-generic
输出dpkg -l | grep linux-image：
rc linux-image-4.10.0-28-generic 4.10.0-28.32~16.04.2 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.10.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.15.0-101-generic 4.15.0-101.102 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-106-generic 4.15.0-106.107 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-108-generic 4.15.0-108.109 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-109-generic 4.15.0-109.110 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-111-generic 4.15.0-111.112 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-112-generic 4.15.0-112.113 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-115-generic 4.15.0-115.116 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-117-generic 4.15.0-117.118 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-118-generic 4.15.0-118.119 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-121-generic 4.15.0-121.123 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-122-generic 4.15.0-122.124 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-39-generic 4.15.0-39.42 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-42-generic 4.15.0-42.45 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-43-generic 4.15.0-43.46 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-44-generic 4.15.0-44.47 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-45-generic 4.15.0-45.48 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-46-generic 4.15.0-46.49 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-47-generic 4.15.0-47.50 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-48-generic 4.15.0-48.51 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-50-generic 4.15.0-50.54 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-51-generic 4.15.0-51.55 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-52-generic 4.15.0-52.56 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-54-generic 4.15.0-54.58 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-55-generic 4.15.0-55.60 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-58-generic 4.15.0-58.64 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic 4.15.0-60.67 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-62-generic 4.15.0-62.69 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-64-generic 4.15.0-64.73 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-65-generic 4.15.0-65.74 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-66-generic 4.15.0-66.75 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-69-generic 4.15.0-69.78 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-70-generic 4.15.0-70.79 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-72-generic 4.15.0-72.81 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-74-generic 4.15.0-74.84 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-76-generic 4.15.0-76.86 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic 4.15.0-88.88 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-91-generic 4.15.0-91.92 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-96-generic 4.15.0-96.97 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.15.0-99-generic 4.15.0-99.100 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-52-generic 5.4.0-52.57 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.4.0-53-generic 5.4.0-53.59 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.4.0-54-generic 5.4.0-54.60 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-generic 5.4.0.54.57 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
DWARD 的回答有效，使用后我终于可以使用软件更新程序了。我尝试了其他建议，但没有成功。
dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/^ii/{ print $2}' | grep -v -e $(uname -r | cut -f1,2 -d"-") | grep -e '[0-9]' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge
非常感谢大家。
答案1
看起来您从 18.04 LTS 版本安装继承的 /boot 分区相当小，而您的 initrd.img 文件相当大（奇怪的是，对于 54 版本来说，它要大得多），因此该分区无法容纳足够的内核。
我建议你安装我的linux 清除脚本来自这里然后运行
sudo linux-purge -k 0
清除 5.4.0-53 内核和所有多余的配置文件（以“rc”标记）。
然后按照建议将 /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf 配置中的 COMPRESS 设置更改为 COMPRESS=xz，尽管这会减慢新内核和可能其他一些软件包的安装速度。
之后再次运行软件更新程序以安装所有更新。如果您让软件更新程序或无人值守升级程序处理删除额外内核，那么希望将来新内核也能适合 /boot。