概括：
从 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 升级到 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 后，我无法安装其他驱动程序。我收到以下错误消息：
Unable to install "Additional Drivers":
Error while installing package: installed linux-image-4.15.0-88-
generic package post-removal script subprocess returned
error exit status 1
系统： Dell Precision 5510 移动工作站、32GB RAM、1TB Samsung NVMe 硬盘；与 Windows 7 Pro-64 双启动
细节：
如果我尝试手动删除软件包linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic，就会失败。我陷入困境。而且似乎我无法添加/删除任何其他软件包。
% sudo apt remove linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
browser-plugin-evince g++-7 gir1.2-mutter-2 libargon2-0 libavutil55 libbasicusageenvironment1 libboost-chrono1.65.1 libboost-iostreams1.65.1
libboost-locale1.65.1 libcapnp-0.6.1 libcdio17 libdouble-conversion1 libdrm-dev libdvdread4 libebml4v5 libfluidsynth1 libgdbm5 libgfortran4 libglade2-0
libgmime-3.0-0 libgnome-desktop-3-17 libgspell-1-1 libgtkmm-2.4-1v5 libicu60 libip4tc0 libiptc0 libisc169 libisl19 libjson-c3 libllvm9:i386 liblwres160
libmagickcore-6.q16-3 libmutter-2-0 libmysofa0 libnfs11 libnss-myhostname libnvidia-common-435 libnvidia-compute-435 libnvidia-compute-435:i386
libnvidia-decode-435:i386 libnvidia-encode-435 libnvidia-ifr1-435 libnvidia-ifr1-435:i386 libperl5.26 libplacebo7 libpoppler73 libpostproc54
libprotobuf10 libproxy-tools libqpdf21 libraw16 libresid-builder0c2a libssh2-1 libtinfo-dev libtinfo5:i386 libusageenvironment3 libvlc5 libvlccore9
libx265-146 libx86emu1 libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-render0-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxfixes-dev libxshmfence-dev linux-headers-4.15.0-99
linux-modules-4.15.0-99-generic nvidia-compute-utils-435 nvidia-dkms-435 nvidia-kernel-common-435 php-cli php-common php-xml php7.4-cli php7.4-common
php7.4-json php7.4-opcache php7.4-readline php7.4-xml python-cairo python-fasteners python-gobject-2 python-gtk2 python-lockfile python-monotonic
python-six python3-asn1crypto python3-oauth qt4-qmake socat ubuntu-web-launchers vlc-data vlc-plugin-video-output
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic linux-image-4.15.0-99-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 16.8 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 331573 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic (4.15.0-88.88) ...
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-88-generic
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
using custom appearance settings
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-58-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-58-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-128-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-128-generic
/etc/grub.d/bin/grubcfg_proxy: error while loading shared libraries: libcrypto.so.1.0.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic (--remove):
installed linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic package post-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
当我检查已安装的linux-image软件包时，我得到以下信息：
% aptitude search linux-image | grep -v ^p
v linux-image -
c linux-image-4.13.0-45-generic -
i A linux-image-4.15.0-128-generic - Signed kernel image generic
c linux-image-4.15.0-74-generic -
c linux-image-4.15.0-76-generic -
Bd linux-image-4.15.0-88-generic - Signed kernel image generic
H linux-image-4.15.0-99-generic - Signed kernel image generic
i A linux-image-5.4.0-58-generic - Signed kernel image generic
c linux-image-extra-4.10.0-28-generic -
c linux-image-extra-4.10.0-42-generic -
i A linux-image-generic - Generic Linux kernel image
v linux-image-oem-5.6 -
我被困住了。我该如何删除这个包或修复错误？我自己没有做过任何包管理。我所做的只是通过软件更新小部件从 18.04 LTS“升级”到 20.04 LTS。
短暂性脑缺血。
答案1
解决了！
概括：
加密库 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 不在正常位置。使用命令“locate”查找二进制文件“libcrypto.so.1.0.0”的现有副本，然后使用“cp -p”将其复制到位。
细节：
我编辑了此主题中的第一篇帖子，并用粗体和红色突出显示了关键错误消息。原来问题是 grub 相关命令找不到加密库 libcrypto.so.1.0.0。Google 搜索字符串“ubuntu /etc/grub.d/bin/grubcfg_proxy：加载共享库时出错：libcrypto.so.1.0.0 无法打开共享对象文件：没有此文件或目录“出现了几个结果。看来我也遇到了同样的问题： https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+question/692335。该解决方案实际上由 JohnK 在此处记录：
https://askubuntu.com/a/1185815/1037505
就我而言：
% **sudo locate libcrypto.so.1.0.0**
/opt/google/earth/pro/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
/snap/core/10444/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
/snap/core/9066/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
/snap/core18/1754/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
/snap/core18/1932/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
/snap/gnome-3-26-1604/100/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
/snap/gnome-3-26-1604/98/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
JohnK 在我刚刚链接了他的解决方案的线程中确定 /snap/core18/... 有适用于 Ubuntu 18.04 的二进制文件。因此，我将其中一个二进制文件复制到 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/：
% cp -p /snap/core18/1754/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
此后，所有包命令（例如 apt、aptitude、dpkg）均成功运行。
我运行了以下命令，这些命令是我在这个网页（）上找到的，希望能让我的系统的包系统恢复正常：
% sudo dapt-get update --fix-missing
% sudo dpkg --configure -a
% sudo apt-get install -f