在连续从 17.xx 升级到 18.04 和 20.04 后，我无法从软件管理器安装应用程序，并且 grub 在启动时不再显示，因此我无法访问我的 Windows 安装。似乎存在无法删除旧内核的问题。请帮忙。
sudo apt autoremove 给出：
marco@marco-ThinkPad:~$ sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic linux-image-4.13.0-45-generic linux-image-4.13.0-46-generic
linux-image-extra-4.13.0-45-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-46-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 5 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
5 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 547 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [J/n] j
(Reading database ... 426584 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic (4.10.0-37.41) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.10.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-37-g
eneric
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.10.0-37-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.10.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-37-ge
neric
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-58-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-58-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-128-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-128-generic
/etc/grub.d/bin/grubcfg_proxy: error while loading shared libraries: libcrypto.so.1.0.0: cannot open
shared object file: No such file or directory
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic.postrm lin
e 330.
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic (--remove):
installed linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic package post-removal script subprocess returned error exit s
tatus 1
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
ls -al /etc/grub.d 给出：
marco@marco-ThinkPad:~$ ls -al /etc/grub.d
insgesamt 196
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dez 19 14:48 .
drwxr-xr-x 150 root root 12288 Dez 19 16:45 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10627 Nov 13 00:15 00_header
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6258 Mär 15 2016 05_debian_theme
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 17622 Nov 13 00:15 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 948 Jan 21 2017 10_linux_proxy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 42359 Nov 13 00:15 10_linux_zfs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12894 Nov 13 00:15 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12059 Jun 14 2017 30_os-prober.dpkg-dist
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 198 Jan 21 2017 30_os-prober_proxy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1424 Nov 13 00:15 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 948 Jan 21 2017 31_linux_proxy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11082 Jun 17 2016 32_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1992 Jan 28 2016 33_memtest86+
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 198 Jan 21 2017 34_os-prober_proxy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1418 Jun 17 2016 35_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Jun 17 2016 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 216 Jun 17 2016 41_custom
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 10 2016 backup
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 10 2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 21 2017 proxifiedScripts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Jun 17 2016 README
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 210 Jan 21 2017 .script_sources.txt
marco@marco-ThinkPad:
以下第一个答案中的所有命令均给出：
marco@marco-ThinkPad:~$ sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober_proxy
[sudo] Passwort für marco:
marco@marco-ThinkPad:~$ sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/10_linux_proxy
marco@marco-ThinkPad:~$ sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/31_linux_proxy
marco@marco-ThinkPad:~$ sudo mv /etc/grub.d/proxifiedScripts $HOME
marco@marco-ThinkPad:~$ sudo mv /etc/grub.d/bin $HOME/bin.bak
marco@marco-ThinkPad:~$ sudo mv /etc/grub.d/backup $HOME/backup.bak
marco@marco-ThinkPad:~$ sudo mv /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober.dpkg-dist /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
marco@marco-ThinkPad:~$ df -h;df -i
Dateisystem Größe Benutzt Verf. Verw% Eingehängt auf
udev 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 785M 2,1M 783M 1% /run
/dev/sda7 106G 29G 72G 29% /
tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5,0M 4,0K 5,0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 119M 119M 0 100% /snap/chromium/1424
/dev/loop2 144M 144M 0 100% /snap/firefox/372
/dev/loop3 62M 62M 0 100% /snap/core20/904
/dev/loop4 55M 55M 0 100% /snap/core18/1754
/dev/loop6 151M 151M 0 100% /snap/git-cola/136
/dev/loop5 147M 147M 0 100% /snap/git-cola/61
/dev/loop1 98M 98M 0 100% /snap/core/10577
/dev/loop7 147M 147M 0 100% /snap/firefox/469
/dev/loop8 163M 163M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/145
/dev/loop9 291M 291M 0 100% /snap/vlc/1620
/dev/loop10 261M 261M 0 100% /snap/kde-frameworks-5-core18/32
/dev/loop11 291M 291M 0 100% /snap/vlc/1700
/dev/loop12 65M 65M 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop13 63M 63M 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1506
/dev/loop14 98M 98M 0 100% /snap/core/9289
/dev/loop15 173M 173M 0 100% /snap/spotify/43
/dev/loop16 256M 256M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/36
/dev/loop17 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/1944
/dev/loop18 52M 52M 0 100% /snap/snap-store/518
/dev/loop19 164M 164M 0 100% /snap/spotify/41
/dev/loop20 234M 234M 0 100% /snap/gimp/322
/dev/loop21 162M 162M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/128
/dev/loop22 218M 218M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60
/dev/loop23 2,3M 2,3M 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/148
/dev/loop24 141M 141M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/100
/dev/sda2 256M 62M 195M 24% /boot/efi
tmpfs 785M 48K 785M 1% /run/user/1000
Dateisystem Inodes IBenutzt IFrei IUse% Eingehängt auf
udev 996636 644 995992 1% /dev
tmpfs 1003741 1314 1002427 1% /run
/dev/sda7 7061504 517323 6544181 8% /
tmpfs 1003741 1 1003740 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1003741 5 1003736 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 1003741 18 1003723 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 1330 1330 0 100% /snap/chromium/1424
/dev/loop2 2700 2700 0 100% /snap/firefox/372
/dev/loop3 11713 11713 0 100% /snap/core20/904
/dev/loop4 10764 10764 0 100% /snap/core18/1754
/dev/loop6 30231 30231 0 100% /snap/git-cola/136
/dev/loop5 30131 30131 0 100% /snap/git-cola/61
/dev/loop1 12867 12867 0 100% /snap/core/10577
/dev/loop7 2701 2701 0 100% /snap/firefox/469
/dev/loop8 27807 27807 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/145
/dev/loop9 51065 51065 0 100% /snap/vlc/1620
/dev/loop10 35005 35005 0 100% /snap/kde-frameworks-5-core18/32
/dev/loop11 51155 51155 0 100% /snap/vlc/1700
/dev/loop12 63978 63978 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop13 62342 62342 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1506
/dev/loop14 12860 12860 0 100% /snap/core/9289
/dev/loop15 24071 24071 0 100% /snap/spotify/43
/dev/loop16 24339 24339 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/36
/dev/loop17 10809 10809 0 100% /snap/core18/1944
/dev/loop18 15847 15847 0 100% /snap/snap-store/518
/dev/loop19 24012 24012 0 100% /snap/spotify/41
/dev/loop20 16728 16728 0 100% /snap/gimp/322
/dev/loop21 27798 27798 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/128
/dev/loop22 18513 18513 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60
/dev/loop23 784 784 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/148
/dev/loop24 27624 27624 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/100
/dev/sda2 0 0 0 - /boot/efi
tmpfs 1003741 101 1003640 1% /run/user/1000
marco@marco-ThinkPad:~$ sudo dpkg --configure -a && sudo apt -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic linux-image-4.13.0-45-generic linux-image-4.13.0-46-generic
linux-image-extra-4.13.0-45-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-46-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 5 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
5 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 547 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [J/n] j
(Reading database ... 426584 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic (4.10.0-37.41) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.10.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0
-37-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.10.0-37-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.10.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-
37-generic
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-58-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-58-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-128-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-128-generic
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sda2@/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings
/etc/grub.d/34_os-prober_proxy: 3: /etc/grub.d/34_os-prober_proxy: 3: /etc/grub.d/bin/grubcfg_pr
oxy: not found/etc/grub.d/proxifiedScripts/os-prober: not found
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic.postr
m line 330.
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic (--remove):
installed linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic package post-removal script subprocess returned error e
xit status 1
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-4.10.0-37-generic
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
marco@marco-ThinkPad:
答案1
sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober_proxy
同样适用于
/etc/grub.d/10_linux_proxy这些/etc/grub.d/31_linux_proxy 将从脚本中删除可执行标志。然后我们有一个以相同日期创建的文件夹。
sudo mv /etc/grub.d/proxifiedScripts $HOME
@M.Hoppe 抱歉，我忽略了一个文件。sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/34_os-prober_proxy
为什么 havens 名称中有一个 bin 和 backup 文件夹？
sudo mv /etc/grub.d/bin $HOME/bin.bak
和
sudo mv /etc/grub.d/backup $HOME/backup.bak
所以不会打扰。
sudo mv /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober.dpkg-dist /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
确保有足够的空间和空闲的 inode
df -h;df-i
你可以控制它。
sudo dpkg --configure -a && sudo apt -f install
祝你好运，2017 年的文件，我不知道你的 Paketmanagment 损坏程度有多大。
不要使用 grub-customizer，因为它会增加比在 grub2 中手动进行更改更多的工作。
@M.Hoppe 很抱歉，我监督了一个文件。
sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/34_os-prober_proxy