我的装有 Ubuntu 的台式机（不是笔记本电脑）昨天冻结了 3 到 4 次（冻结一分钟左右，然后继续像以前一样工作）。这是我在日志中看到的内容：
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831149] [TTM] Buffer eviction failed
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831158] ------------[ cut here ]------------
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831158] refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831169] WARNING: CPU: 8 PID: 2470 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xae/0xf0
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831169] Modules linked in: veth xt_conntrack xt_MASQUERADE nf_conntrack_netlink xfrm_user xfrm_algo nft_counter xt_addrtype nft_compat nft_chain_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 libcrc32c br_netfilter bridge stp llc nf_tables nfnetlink aufs overlay nls_iso8859_1 input_leds joydev snd_hda_codec_realtek edac_mce_amd snd_hda_codec_generic ledtrig_audio snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_intel snd_intel_dspcfg snd_hda_codec snd_hda_core snd_hwdep kvm snd_pcm snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event crct10dif_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel nouveau snd_rawmidi mxm_wmi ttm aesni_intel eeepc_wmi asus_wmi snd_seq sparse_keymap crypto_simd drm_kms_helper snd_seq_device cec cryptd glue_helper rc_core rapl snd_timer video i2c_algo_bit efi_pstore fb_sys_fops wmi_bmof snd syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt k10temp soundcore ccp mac_hid sch_fq_codel parport_pc ppdev drm lp parport ip_tables x_tables autofs4 hid_generic usbhid hid r8169 realtek crc32_pclmul i2c_piix4 nvme ahci xhci_pci nvme_core
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831196] xhci_pci_renesas libahci wmi gpio_amdpt gpio_generic
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831199] CPU: 8 PID: 2470 Comm: Xorg Not tainted 5.8.0-41-generic #46-Ubuntu
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831199] Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/PRIME B450M-K, BIOS 2409 12/02/2020
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831201] RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0xae/0xf0
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831202] Code: d8 3f 6a 01 01 e8 e7 7f b1 ff 0f 0b 5d c3 80 3d c5 3f 6a 01 00 75 91 48 c7 c7 00 48 df 87 c6 05 b5 3f 6a 01 01 e8 c7 7f b1 ff <0f> 0b 5d c3 80 3d a3 3f 6a 01 00 0f 85 6d ff ff ff 48 c7 c7 58 48
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831202] RSP: 0018:ffffb6030352fcc8 EFLAGS: 00010282
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831203] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: ffff96f04ec18cd8
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831204] RDX: 00000000ffffffd8 RSI: 0000000000000027 RDI: ffff96f04ec18cd0
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831204] RBP: ffffb6030352fcc8 R08: 0000000000000004 R09: 00000000000004a1
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831204] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000004
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831205] R13: ffff96efecd87000 R14: ffff96f02e50e800 R15: ffff96f02e9fa000
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831206] FS: 00007f0a893f8a40(0000) GS:ffff96f04ec00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831206] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831207] CR2: 00007fd23fffebb8 CR3: 0000000746afc000 CR4: 0000000000340ee0
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831207] Call Trace:
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831213] ttm_bo_put+0x3f/0x50 [ttm]
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831244] nouveau_gem_new+0x8a/0x120 [nouveau]
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831267] ? nouveau_gem_new+0x120/0x120 [nouveau]
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831287] nouveau_gem_ioctl_new+0x5b/0xd0 [nouveau]
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831307] ? nouveau_gem_new+0x120/0x120 [nouveau]
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831317] drm_ioctl_kernel+0xae/0xf0 [drm]
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831325] drm_ioctl+0x238/0x3d0 [drm]
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831344] ? nouveau_gem_new+0x120/0x120 [nouveau]
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831365] nouveau_drm_ioctl+0x66/0xc0 [nouveau]
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831367] ksys_ioctl+0x8e/0xc0
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831368] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x1a/0x20
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831370] do_syscall_64+0x49/0xc0
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831372] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831373] RIP: 0033:0x7f0a8985d31b
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831374] Code: 89 d8 49 8d 3c 1c 48 f7 d8 49 39 c4 72 b5 e8 1c ff ff ff 85 c0 78 ba 4c 89 e0 5b 5d 41 5c c3 f3 0f 1e fa b8 10 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d 1d 3b 0d 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831375] RSP: 002b:00007fff8ce4ba98 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831375] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fff8ce4baf0 RCX: 00007f0a8985d31b
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831376] RDX: 00007fff8ce4baf0 RSI: 00000000c0306480 RDI: 0000000000000010
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831376] RBP: 00000000c0306480 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 000055bcdcf74130
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831376] R10: 00000000000002ba R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007fff8ce4baf0
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831377] R13: 0000000000000010 R14: 000055bcdc6c5340 R15: 0000000000001000
Feb 1 11:07:14 maxim-RZ kernel: [175305.831378] ---[ end trace 0e41bfa77c9fd628 ]---
^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@Feb 1 11:08:50 maxim-RZ systemd-modules-load[368]: Inserted module 'lp'
Feb 1 11:08:50 maxim-RZ systemd-modules-load[368]: Inserted module 'ppdev'
Feb 1 11:08:50 maxim-RZ systemd-modules-load[368]: Inserted module 'parport_pc'
我现在正在谷歌搜索试图了解这到底是怎么回事，但也许这里有人可以帮助我了解这些冻结的根源是什么。
台式机使用 Ryzen 5 3600（如果重要的话）。
交换处于：
cat /proc/swaps
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/swapfile file 4194300 0 -2
sudo journalctl给出我在此处发布的相同结果（相同错误，相同详细信息）。
答案1
[已解决] 我通过更换显卡解决了问题。最初是 NVidia GeForce 210（是的，当时我拥有的最简单的显卡）。它无法正确检测我的显示器，因此我从 NVidia 340 驱动程序切换到 nouveau 驱动程序并手动设置 2550x1440R 模式）。它正常工作，但我猜这张卡无法处理这样的分辨率，因此导致了这些问题）。我用 AMD RX 550 更换了显卡，问题就解决了。感谢您的所有评论。