我已经按照以下配置安装了 Ubuntu：
操作系统名称：Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
操作系统类型：64 位
GONAME 版本：3.36.8
窗口系统：X11
内存：5.6 GiB (6GB RAM)
处理器：Intel® Core™ i3-3110M CPU @ 2.40GHz × 4
显卡：Intel® HD Graphics 4000 (IVB GT2)
磁盘容量：500.1 GB
磁盘卷：
| 交换分区 1 | 文件系统分区 2 | 文件系统分区 3 | 可用空间 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 尺寸 | 8 GB | 300 GB — 283 GB 可用（5.5% 已用） | 192 GB | 1.1 MB |
| 设备 | /dev/sda1 | /dev/sda2 | /dev/sda3 | /dev/sda |
| 类型 | Linux 交换 | Linux（可启动） | Linux | - |
| 内容 | 交换（版本 1）— 活跃 | Ext4（版本 1.0）— 挂载在文件系统根目录 | Ext4（版本 1.0）— 未挂载 | 未分配空间 |
sudo lshw -short -c 卷 -c 磁盘 -c 存储
| 硬件路径 | 设备 | 班级 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|
| /0/100/1f.2 | 贮存 | 7 系列芯片组家族 6 端口 SATA 控制器 [AHCI 模式] | |
| /0/一个 | scsi0 | 贮存 | |
| /0/一/0.0.0 | /dev/sda | 磁盘 | 500GB 西部数据 WD5000BPVT-2 |
| /0/一/0.0.0/1 | /dev/sda1 | 体积 | 7812MiB Linux 交换卷 |
| /0/一/0.0.0/2 | /dev/sda2 | 体积 | 279GiB EXT4 卷 |
| /0/一/0.0.0/3 | /dev/sda3 | 体积 | 178GiB EXT4 卷 |
| /0/b | 系统级 5 | 贮存 | |
| /0/b/0.0.0 | /dev/cdrom | 磁盘 | DVD-RAM UJ8C0 |
启动笔记本电脑大约需要 1 到 2 分钟，
systemd-分析
Startup finished in 3.765s (kernel) + 58.381s (userspace) = 1min 2.147s
graphical.target reached after 58.260s in userspace
systemd-analyze 责备
29.835s plymouth-quit-wait.service
19.295s dev-sda2.device
14.408s snapd.service
11.184s fwupd.service
10.737s networkd-dispatcher.service
10.721s NetworkManager-wait-online.service
9.088s udisks2.service
8.335s dev-loop11.device
7.236s accounts-daemon.service
7.065s dev-loop0.device
7.065s dev-loop2.device
7.064s dev-loop5.device
7.063s dev-loop4.device
7.063s dev-loop10.device
7.062s dev-loop9.device
7.062s dev-loop1.device
7.062s dev-loop3.device
7.062s dev-loop8.device
7.061s dev-loop6.device
7.059s dev-loop7.device
6.915s dev-loop12.device
5.793s NetworkManager.service
5.387s polkit.service
4.475s systemd-udevd.service
4.308s avahi-daemon.service
4.302s bluetooth.service
3.743s ModemManager.service
3.499s switcheroo-control.service
3.492s thermald.service
3.489s systemd-logind.service
3.488s wpa_supplicant.service
3.308s systemd-journal-flush.service
2.637s gpu-manager.service
2.528s [email protected]
2.462s apparmor.service
2.276s colord.service
1.745s e2scrub_reap.service
1.727s gdm.service
1.692s apport.service
1.672s grub-common.service
1.552s rsyslog.service
1.550s systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
1.216s snapd.apparmor.service
1.202s systemd-sysctl.service
1.084s systemd-resolved.service
962ms pppd-dns.service
921ms systemd-backlight@backlight:intel_backlight.service
891ms systemd-modules-load.service
762ms snap-canonical\x2dlivepatch-95.mount
717ms snap-chromium-1497.mount
716ms snap-code-55.mount
673ms snap-core-10823.mount
653ms grub-initrd-fallback.service
631ms snap-core18-1988.mount
624ms upower.service
577ms snapd.seeded.service
576ms systemd-journald.service
574ms systemd-sysusers.service
560ms [email protected]
519ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d28\x2d1804-145.mount
471ms systemd-timesyncd.service
467ms plymouth-read-write.service
464ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d34\x2d1804-66.mount
463ms systemd-udev-trigger.service
463ms snap-gtk\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-1514.mount
393ms systemd-random-seed.service
382ms keyboard-setup.service
370ms ufw.service
353ms snap-skype-164.mount
331ms kerneloops.service
321ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
270ms apport-autoreport.service
188ms snap-snap\x2dstore-518.mount
164ms openvpn.service
157ms snap-vlc-2103.mount
155ms snap-snapd-11107.mount
150ms systemd-remount-fs.service
132ms snap-snapd-11036.mount
118ms console-setup.service
117ms setvtrgb.service
106ms plymouth-start.service
89ms dev-hugepages.mount
88ms dev-mqueue.mount
88ms dev-disk-by\x2duuid-14f1320b\x2d695f\x2d41e4\x2daf30\x2d63d64a1d1221.swap
87ms sys-kernel-debug.mount
85ms sys-kernel-tracing.mount
82ms systemd-user-sessions.service
78ms kmod-static-nodes.service
74ms systemd-update-utmp.service
65ms systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
54ms snap-chromium-1506.mount
54ms rtkit-daemon.service
41ms [email protected]
18ms alsa-restore.service
12ms dev-loop13.device
10ms systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service
5ms sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount
5ms mongodb.service
5ms systemd-rfkill.service
4ms sys-kernel-config.mount
963us snapd.socket
systemd-analyze 关键链
graphical.target @58.260s
└─multi-user.target @58.260s
└─kerneloops.service @39.099s +331ms
└─network-online.target @39.051s
└─NetworkManager-wait-online.service @28.329s +10.721s
└─NetworkManager.service @22.533s +5.793s
└─dbus.service @22.530s
└─basic.target @22.411s
└─sockets.target @22.411s
└─snapd.socket @22.409s +963us
└─sysinit.target @22.276s
└─swap.target @22.275s
└─dev-disk-by\x2duuid-14f1320b\x2d695f\x2d41e4\x2daf30\x2d63d64a1d1221.swap @22.185s +88ms
└─dev-sda1.device @22.184s