问题
我是 Ubuntu/Linux 的新手，接触这个领域已经有几个星期了，一直在互联网上寻找答案，但是没有找到。
我有一台 Ubuntu 电脑，用作家庭服务器。如果我直接将它连接到路由器，它就能顺利连接到网络。当我在它和路由器之间放置一个交换机时，它拒绝连接到互联网。网络客户端卡在“连接”状态，并显示“网络连接激活失败”。据我所知，服务器似乎无法获得 DHCP 响应。
由于当地情况，我需要使用开关来使设置正常工作。
我希望看到这篇文章的人能帮我指明正确的方向。很乐意提供更多信息。
网络图
在该图中，所有红线都是不起作用的线，而绿线是起作用的线。
眼镜
- 操作系统：Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS（之前使用的是 Ubuntu 16.something，结果相同）
- 处理器：Intel Xeon(R) CPU X3450 @ 2.67GHz x 8
- NIC 1（又名 enp4s0）：英特尔公司 82574L 千兆网络连接
- NIC 2（又名 enp5s0）：英特尔公司 82574L 千兆网络连接
- 路由器：Arris NVG468MQ（几周前换过一个不同的路由器。结果相同）
- 交换机：Netgear GS305（也尝试过 TP-Link TL-SGG105 和 TP-Link SF1008D）
笔记
- 手动设置 IP 地址不能解决问题。
- 两张 NIC 卡都有同样的问题。
- 所有以太网电缆均为 cat 5e 或 cat 6 电缆
- 问题出现在已安装的操作系统（20.04.2 和 16.something）、pupply linux live CD 和 ubuntu 20.04.2 live USB 上。
- 大多数情况下，服务器不会出现在任何路由器的管理页面/设备列表中
- 在以下命令之后，有人说这会使网络接口“混乱”，服务器出现在路由器的设备列表中，但网络仍然无法工作：```$ sudo tcpdump -n udp port 68 -vv```
- 当前处于全新、全面更新的安装状态
- 服务器已重启多次
- “dhclient -r” 没有明显影响
- “dhclient enp4s0”没有明显影响
终端结果
$ lspci| grep 以太网
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82574L Gigabit Network Connection
05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82574L Gigabit Network Connection
$ cat /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
[ifupdown]
managed=false
[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
$ sudo dhclient -v enp4s0
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.4.1
Copyright 2004-2018 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/enp4s0/90:e6:ba:92:24:94
Sending on LPF/enp4s0/90:e6:ba:92:24:94
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 4 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 10 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 16 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 20 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 18 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 21 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 12 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 20 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 14 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 14 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 13 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 16 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 16 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 17 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 12 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 9 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 13 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 11 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 11 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8 (xid=0xb03b7843)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp4s0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 6 (xid=0xb03b7843)
No DHCPOFFERS received.
No working leases in persistent database – sleeping.
$ sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog
[sudo] password for andrew:
May 30 12:57:48 FemmiServ avahi-daemon[644]: Withdrawing address record for
fe80::6e01:80b5:40b3:8ccd on enp4s0.
May 30 12:57:48 FemmiServ avahi-daemon[644]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface
enp4s0.IPv6 with address fe80::6e01:80b5:40b3:8ccd.
May 30 12:57:48 FemmiServ avahi-daemon[644]: Interface enp4s0.IPv6 no longer relevant for mDNS.
May 30 12:57:49 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404669.0053] dhcp4 (enp4s0):
canceled DHCP transaction
May 30 12:57:49 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404669.0054] dhcp4 (enp4s0): state
changed timeout -> done
May 30 12:57:49 FemmiServ dbus-daemon[647]: [system] Activating via systemd: service
name='org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' unit='dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service' requested by
':1.12' (uid=0 pid=648 comm="/usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon " label="unconfined")
May 30 12:57:49 FemmiServ systemd[1]: Starting Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service...
May 30 12:57:49 FemmiServ dbus-daemon[647]: [system] Successfully activated service
'org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher'
May 30 12:57:49 FemmiServ systemd[1]: Started Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service.
May 30 12:57:58 FemmiServ systemd[1]: NetworkManager-dispatcher.service: Succeeded.
May 30 13:01:13 FemmiServ dbus-daemon[647]: [system] Activating via systemd: service
name='org.freedesktop.hostname1' unit='dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service' requested by ':1.76'
(uid=1000 pid=1909 comm="gnome-control-center network " label="unconfined")
May 30 13:01:13 FemmiServ systemd[1]: Starting Hostname Service...
May 30 13:01:13 FemmiServ dbus-daemon[647]: [system] Successfully activated service
'org.freedesktop.hostname1'
May 30 13:01:13 FemmiServ systemd[1]: Started Hostname Service.
May 30 13:01:21 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404881.6479] audit: op="connection-
update" uuid="3f27339b-ac78-3932-a93a-0348c70a25af" name="Wired connection 1"
args="connection.timestamp,ipv6.method" pid=1909 uid=1000 result="success"
May 30 13:01:21 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404881.6486] policy: auto-activating
connection 'Wired connection 1' (3f27339b-ac78-3932-a93a-0348c70a25af)
May 30 13:01:21 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404881.6529] device (enp4s0):
Activation: starting connection 'Wired connection 1' (3f27339b-ac78-3932-a93a-0348c70a25af)
May 30 13:01:21 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404881.6531] device (enp4s0): state
change: disconnected -> prepare (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
May 30 13:01:21 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404881.6539] manager:
NetworkManager state is now CONNECTING
May 30 13:01:21 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404881.6543] device (enp4s0): state
change: prepare -> config (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
May 30 13:01:21 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404881.6558] device (enp4s0): state
change: config -> ip-config (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
May 30 13:01:21 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404881.6562] dhcp4 (enp4s0):
activation: beginning transaction (timeout in 45 seconds)
May 30 13:01:23 FemmiServ avahi-daemon[644]: Joining mDNS multicast group on interface
enp4s0.IPv6 with address fe80::92e6:baff:fe92:2494.
May 30 13:01:23 FemmiServ avahi-daemon[644]: New relevant interface enp4s0.IPv6 for mDNS.
May 30 13:01:23 FemmiServ avahi-daemon[644]: Registering new address record for
fe80::92e6:baff:fe92:2494 on enp4s0.*.
May 30 13:01:43 FemmiServ dbus-daemon[867]: [session uid=1000 pid=867] Activating via systemd:
service name='org.bluez.obex' unit='dbus-org.bluez.obex.service' requested by ':1.136' (uid=1000
pid=1909 comm="gnome-control-center network " label="unconfined")
May 30 13:01:43 FemmiServ systemd[1]: systemd-hostnamed.service: Succeeded.
May 30 13:01:43 FemmiServ systemd[801]: Starting Bluetooth OBEX service...
May 30 13:01:43 FemmiServ obexd[2604]: OBEX daemon 5.53
May 30 13:01:43 FemmiServ dbus-daemon[867]: [session uid=1000 pid=867] Successfully activated
service 'org.bluez.obex'
May 30 13:01:43 FemmiServ systemd[801]: Started Bluetooth OBEX service.
May 30 13:02:03 FemmiServ dbus-daemon[647]: [system] Activating via systemd: service
name='org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' unit='dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service' requested by
':1.12' (uid=0 pid=648 comm="/usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon " label="unconfined")
May 30 13:02:03 FemmiServ systemd[1]: Starting Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service...
May 30 13:02:03 FemmiServ dbus-daemon[647]: [system] Successfully activated service
'org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher'
May 30 13:02:03 FemmiServ systemd[1]: Started Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service.
May 30 13:02:06 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <warn> [1622404926.9662] dhcp4 (enp4s0):
request timed out
May 30 13:02:06 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404926.9662] dhcp4 (enp4s0): state
changed unknown -> timeout
May 30 13:02:06 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404926.9663] device (enp4s0): state
change: ip-config -> failed (reason 'ip-config-unavailable', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
May 30 13:02:06 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404926.9673] manager:
NetworkManager state is now DISCONNECTED
May 30 13:02:06 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <warn> [1622404926.9696] device (enp4s0):
Activation: failed for connection 'Wired connection 1'
May 30 13:02:06 FemmiServ NetworkManager[648]: <info> [1622404926.9704] device (enp4s0): state
change: failed -> disconnected (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
May 30 13:02:06 FemmiServ avahi-daemon[644]: Withdrawing address record for
fe80::92e6:baff:fe92:2494 on enp4s0.
$ journalctl
-- Logs begin at Sun 2021-05-30 12:30:22 PDT, end at Sun 2021-05-30 12:57:49 PD>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: microcode: microcode updated early to revisio>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: Linux version 5.8.0-43-generic (buildd@lcy01->
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.8.0->
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: KERNEL supported cpus:
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: Intel GenuineIntel
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: AMD AuthenticAMD
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: Hygon HygonGenuine
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: Centaur CentaurHauls
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: zhaoxin Shanghai
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: x86/fpu: x87 FPU will use FXSAVE
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x00000000>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x00000000>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000e4000-0x00000000>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bf77e000-0x00000000>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bf780000-0x00000000>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bf78e000-0x00000000>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bf7dc000-0x00000000>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000e0000000-0x00000000>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fee00000-0x00000000>
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ffe00000-0x00000000>
lines 1-23...skipping...
-- Logs begin at Sun 2021-05-30 12:30:22 PDT, end at Sun 2021-05-30 12:57:49 PDT. --
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: microcode: microcode updated early to revision 0xa, date = 2018-
05-08
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: Linux version 5.8.0-43-generic (buildd@lcy01-amd64-018) (gcc
(Ubuntu 9.3.0->
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.8.0-43-generic
root=UUID=42c3d73b->
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: KERNEL supported cpus:
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: Intel GenuineIntel
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: AMD AuthenticAMD
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: Hygon HygonGenuine
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: Centaur CentaurHauls
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: zhaoxin Shanghai
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: x86/fpu: x87 FPU will use FXSAVE
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff]
usable
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff]
reserved
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000e4000-0x00000000000fffff]
reserved
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000bf76ffff]
usable
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bf77e000-0x00000000bf77ffff] type
9
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bf780000-0x00000000bf78dfff]
ACPI data
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bf78e000-0x00000000bf7dbfff]
ACPI NVS
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bf7dc000-0x00000000bfffffff]
reserved
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000e0000000-0x00000000efffffff]
reserved
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fee00000-0x00000000fee00fff]
reserved
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ffe00000-0x00000000ffffffff]
reserved
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000043fffffff]
usable
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: NX (Execute Disable) protection: active
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: SMBIOS 2.6 present.
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: DMI: System manufacturer System Product Name/P7F-E, BIOS
0303 09/02/2009
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: tsc: Fast TSC calibration failed
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: e820: update [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff] usable ==> reserved
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: e820: remove [mem 0x000a0000-0x000fffff] usable
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: last_pfn = 0x440000 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: MTRR default type: uncachable
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: MTRR fixed ranges enabled:
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: 00000-9FFFF write-back
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: A0000-BFFFF uncachable
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: C0000-CBFFF write-protect
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: CC000-DFFFF uncachable
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: E0000-E7FFF write-through
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: E8000-FFFFF write-protect
May 30 12:30:22 FemmiServ kernel: MTRR variable ranges enabled
$ sudo lshw -C 网络
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: 82574L Gigabit Network Connection
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0
logical name: enp4s0
version: 00
serial: 90:e6:ba:92:24:94
size: 1Gbit/s
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt
100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=3.2.6-k duplex=full
firmware=1.8-0 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=1Gbit/s
resources: irq:18 memory:fbce0000-fbcfffff ioport:cc00(size=32) memory:fbcdc000-fbcdffff
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: 82574L Gigabit Network Connection
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0
logical name: enp5s0
version: 00
serial: 90:e6:ba:92:26:5f
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt
100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=3.2.6-k firmware=1.8-
0 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair
resources: irq:19 memory:fbe00000-fbe1ffff ioport:dc00(size=32) memory:fbdfc000-fbdfffff
andrew@FemmiServ:~$ ip ro
default dev enp5s0 scope link metric 1003 linkdown
169.254.0.0/16 dev enp5s0 proto kernel scope link src 169.254.7.132 linkdown
$ 系统控制
UNIT LOAD ACTIV>
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded activ>
dev-loop7.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1b.0-sound-card0.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.6-0000:04:00.0-net-enp4s0.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.7-0000:05:00.0-net-enp5s0.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda1.device loaded
activ>
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:1-0:0:1:0-block-sdb.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata2-host1-target1:0:0-1:0:0:0-block-sdc.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata2-host1-target1:0:1-1:0:1:0-block-sdd-sdd1.device loaded
activ>
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata2-host1-target1:0:1-1:0:1:0-block-sdd.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.5-ata3-host2-target2:0:0-2:0:0:0-block-sde-sde1.device loaded
activ>
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.5-ata3-host2-target2:0:0-2:0:0:0-block-sde.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS10.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS11.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS12.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS13.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS14.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS15.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS16.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS17.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS18.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS19.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS2.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS20.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS21.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS22.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS23.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS24.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS25.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS26.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS27.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS28.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS29.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS3.device loaded activ>
sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS30.device loaded activ>
andrew@FemmiServ:~$ ps aux |egrep wpa\|com
root 68 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May30 0:00 [kcompactd0]
root 686 0.0 0.0 13688 4880 ? Ss May30 0:00 /sbin/wpa_supplicant -u -s -O
/run/wpa_supplicant
andrew 1414 0.0 0.1 282780 29756 ? Ssl May30 0:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-wacom
andrew 14511 0.0 0.0 17672 724 pts/0 S+ 15:04 0:00 grep -E --color=auto wpa|com
andrew@FemmiServ:~$ sudo tcpdump -v
tcpdump: listening on enp4s0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
15:13:07.192454 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 50360, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 202)
50.39.173.111.51922 > 239.255.255.250.1900: UDP, length 174
15:13:08.206626 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 50361, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 202)
50.39.173.111.51922 > 239.255.255.250.1900: UDP, length 174
15:13:09.208272 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 50362, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 202)
50.39.173.111.51922 > 239.255.255.250.1900: UDP, length 174
15:13:10.213948 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 50363, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 202)
50.39.173.111.51922 > 239.255.255.250.1900: UDP, length 174
15:13:11.108123 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.144.200 (Broadcast) tell
0.0.0.0, length 46
15:13:17.128842 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.144.200 (Broadcast) tell
0.0.0.0, length 46
15:13:23.149624 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.144.200 (Broadcast) tell
0.0.0.0, length 46
15:13:28.638930 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 321)
0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 90:e6:ba:92:24:94 (oui
Unknown), length 293, xid 0xaa2ba215, secs 836, Flags [none]
Client-Ethernet-Address 90:e6:ba:92:24:94 (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover
Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 90:e6:ba:92:24:94
Parameter-Request Option 55, length 17:
Subnet-Mask, Time-Zone, Domain-Name-Server, Hostname
Domain-Name, MTU, BR, Classless-Static-Route
Default-Gateway, Static-Route, YD, YS
NTP, Option 119, Classless-Static-Route-Microsoft, Option 252
RP
MSZ Option 57, length 2: 576
Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 192.168.254.24
Hostname Option 12, length 9: "FemmiServ"
15:13:29.170117 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.144.200 (Broadcast) tell
0.0.0.0, length 46
15:13:35.190450 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.144.200 (Broadcast) tell
0.0.0.0, length 46
15:13:41.212982 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.144.200 (Broadcast) tell
0.0.0.0, length 46
15:13:47.231609 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.144.200 (Broadcast) tell
0.0.0.0, length 46
15:13:53.251508 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.144.200 (Broadcast) tell
0.0.0.0, length 46
15:13:59.271474 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.144.200 (Broadcast) tell
0.0.0.0, length 46
15:14:05.290307 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.144.200 (Broadcast) tell
0.0.0.0, length 46
^C
15 packets captured
15 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
$ sudo tcpdump -n udp 端口 68 -vv
tcpdump: listening on enp4s0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
15:17:46.522511 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 321)
0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 90:e6:ba:92:24:94,
length 293, xid 0xf259977b, secs 1094, Flags [none] (0x0000)
Client-Ethernet-Address 90:e6:ba:92:24:94
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover
Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 90:e6:ba:92:24:94
Parameter-Request Option 55, length 17:
Subnet-Mask, Time-Zone, Domain-Name-Server, Hostname
Domain-Name, MTU, BR, Classless-Static-Route
Default-Gateway, Static-Route, YD, YS
NTP, Option 119, Classless-Static-Route-Microsoft, Option 252
RP
MSZ Option 57, length 2: 576
Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 192.168.254.24
Hostname Option 12, length 9: "FemmiServ"
15:18:50.758747 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 321)
0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 90:e6:ba:92:24:94,
length 293, xid 0x355ce1b5, secs 1158, Flags [none] (0x0000)
Client-Ethernet-Address 90:e6:ba:92:24:94
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover
Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 90:e6:ba:92:24:94
Parameter-Request Option 55, length 17:
Subnet-Mask, Time-Zone, Domain-Name-Server, Hostname
Domain-Name, MTU, BR, Classless-Static-Route
Default-Gateway, Static-Route, YD, YS
NTP, Option 119, Classless-Static-Route-Microsoft, Option 252
RP
MSZ Option 57, length 2: 576
Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 192.168.254.24
Hostname Option 12, length 9: "FemmiServ"
^C
2 packets captured
2 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
- - - - - 编辑 - - - - -
$ ip 路由显示
default dev enp5s0 scope link metric 1003 linkdown
169.254.0.0/16 dev enp5s0 proto kernel scope link src 169.254.7.132 linkdown
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp4s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 90:e6:ba:92:24:94 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: enp5s0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 90:e6:ba:92:26:5f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 169.254.7.132/16 brd 169.254.255.255 scope link enp5s0:avahi
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
$ cat /etc/netplan/*.yaml
# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
$ cat /etc/network/interfaces
cat: /etc/network/interfaces: No such file or directory
答案1
您的网络布线存在问题。
- ONT/调制解调器必须直接连接到路由器上的 WAN 端口。
- ONT/调制解调器没有以任何方式连接到交换机。
- 无线路由器应放置在家中的中心位置。
- 无线路由器应放置在高处，而不是放在地板上。
- 计算机连接到交换机或路由器上的 LAN 端口。
- 布线更改后，必须对所有设备进行断电重启。
ONT/调制解调器 -> 路由器的 WAN 端口
交换机端口 5 -> 路由器上的 LAN 端口 4
如果电缆允许，计算机可以连接到交换机上的端口 1-4，或路由器上的 LAN 端口 1-3。