我使用的是双启动设置（Windows 10 + Xubuntu 18.04）。它运行良好，直到我让 Xubuntu 2 个月没有更新。
然后，更新后，用于选择操作系统的 grub 菜单不再显示。此外，启动过程现在需要更长的时间。有时它甚至在 POST 后挂在“Lenovno”徽标上。
然后我做了sudo update_grub：
[sudo] password for user:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-74-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-74-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-72-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-72-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.3.0-62-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.3.0-62-generic
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sda2@/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
done
这并没有解决问题。这是我的/etc/default/grub：
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console
# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=800x600
# Added two lines to decrease grub resolution (hence larger font size)
#GRUB_GFXMODE=800x600x32
#GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep
# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
请注意，我已经更新了 Xubuntu不是 Windows 10所以我不认为 Windows 搞乱了它。
更新
/boot/grub/grub.cfg
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="0"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt6'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt6 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt6 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
fi
font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi
if loadfont $font ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
set timeout=30
else
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=hidden
set timeout=10
# Fallback hidden-timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
elif sleep --interruptible 10 ; then
set timeout=0
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
set gfxpayload="${1}"
if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=1
else
set vt_handoff=
fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt6'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt6 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt6 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-74-generic root=UUID=41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-74-generic
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-74-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-74-generic-advanced-41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt6'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt6 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt6 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 5.4.0-74-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-74-generic root=UUID=41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-74-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-74-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-74-generic-recovery-41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt6'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt6 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt6 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 5.4.0-74-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-74-generic root=UUID=41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25 ro recovery nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-74-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-72-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-72-generic-advanced-41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt6'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt6 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt6 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 5.4.0-72-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-72-generic root=UUID=41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-72-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-72-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-72-generic-recovery-41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt6'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt6 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt6 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 5.4.0-72-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-72-generic root=UUID=41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25 ro recovery nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-72-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.3.0-62-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.3.0-62-generic-advanced-41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt6'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt6 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt6 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 5.3.0-62-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.3.0-62-generic root=UUID=41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.3.0-62-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.3.0-62-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.3.0-62-generic-recovery-41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt6'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt6 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt6 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 5.3.0-62-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.3.0-62-generic root=UUID=41029103-4149-4d29-8b35-805155d25e25 ro recovery nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.3.0-62-generic
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-C21E-27D0' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod fat
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 C21E-27D0
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root C21E-27D0
fi
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}
set timeout_style=menu
if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
fwsetup
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
sudo parted -l
Model: ATA TOSHIBA MQ01ABD0 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 556MB 555MB ntfs Basic data partition hidden, diag
2 556MB 661MB 105MB fat32 EFI system partition boot, esp
3 661MB 677MB 16.8MB Microsoft reserved partition msftres
4 677MB 285GB 285GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata
5 285GB 393GB 107GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata
6 393GB 500GB 107GB ext4