我正在尝试安装/启动Jenkins（2.303）在 Ubuntu 中，但现在服务器（为了桌面没有问题）
JAVA_HOME以及文件JENKINS_HOME上定义的环境变量.profile
关于Java的信息：
java -version
openjdk version "11.0.11" 2021-04-20
OpenJDK Runtime Environment AdoptOpenJDK-11.0.11+9 (build 11.0.11+9)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM AdoptOpenJDK-11.0.11+9 (build 11.0.11+9, mixed mode)
javac -version
javac 11.0.11
which java
/home/user/something/java/openjdk/jdk-11.0.11+9/bin/java
但第一次启动 Jenkins 时，会发生以下情况
java -jar jenkins.war --httpPort=9090
Running from: /home/user/something/jenkins/bin/jenkins.war
webroot: EnvVars.masterEnvVars.get("JENKINS_HOME")
2021-07-22 18:15:09.003+0000 [id=1] INFO org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.Log#initialized: Logging initialized @1892ms to org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.JavaUtilLog
2021-07-22 18:15:09.374+0000 [id=1] INFO winstone.Logger#logInternal: Beginning extraction from war file
2021-07-22 18:15:09.474+0000 [id=1] WARNING o.e.j.s.handler.ContextHandler#setContextPath: Empty contextPath
2021-07-22 18:15:09.782+0000 [id=1] INFO org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server#doStart: jetty-9.4.42.v20210604; built: 2021-06-04T17:33:38.939Z; git: 5cd5e6d2375eeab146813b0de9f19eda6ab6e6cb; jvm 11.0.11+9
2021-07-22 18:15:11.116+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.w.StandardDescriptorProcessor#visitServlet: NO JSP Support for /, did not find org.eclipse.jetty.jsp.JettyJspServlet
2021-07-22 18:15:11.278+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.s.s.DefaultSessionIdManager#doStart: DefaultSessionIdManager workerName=node0
2021-07-22 18:15:11.281+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.s.s.DefaultSessionIdManager#doStart: No SessionScavenger set, using defaults
2021-07-22 18:15:11.284+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.server.session.HouseKeeper#startScavenging: node0 Scavenging every 600000ms
2021-07-22 18:15:12.762+0000 [id=1] INFO hudson.WebAppMain#contextInitialized: Jenkins home directory: /home/user/something/jenkins/contents found at: EnvVars.masterEnvVars.get("JENKINS_HOME")
2021-07-22 18:15:13.025+0000 [id=1] SEVERE hudson.util.BootFailure#publish: Failed to initialize Jenkins
java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FontConfiguration.getVersion(FontConfiguration.java:1262)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FontConfiguration.readFontConfigFile(FontConfiguration.java:225)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FontConfiguration.init(FontConfiguration.java:107)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.X11FontManager.createFontConfiguration(X11FontManager.java:719)
at java.desktop/sun.font.SunFontManager$2.run(SunFontManager.java:379)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.desktop/sun.font.SunFontManager.<init>(SunFontManager.java:324)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FcFontManager.<init>(FcFontManager.java:35)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.X11FontManager.<init>(X11FontManager.java:56)
Caused: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:490)
at java.desktop/sun.font.FontManagerFactory$1.run(FontManagerFactory.java:84)
Caused: java.lang.InternalError
at java.desktop/sun.font.FontManagerFactory$1.run(FontManagerFactory.java:86)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.desktop/sun.font.FontManagerFactory.getInstance(FontManagerFactory.java:74)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFont2D(Font.java:497)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFamily(Font.java:1410)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFamily_NoClientCode(Font.java:1384)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFamily(Font.java:1376)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.toString(Font.java:1869)
at hudson.util.ChartUtil.<clinit>(ChartUtil.java:270)
at hudson.WebAppMain.contextInitialized(WebAppMain.java:251)
Caused: hudson.util.AWTProblem
at hudson.WebAppMain.contextInitialized(WebAppMain.java:252)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.callContextInitialized(ContextHandler.java:1068)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.callContextInitialized(ServletContextHandler.java:572)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.contextInitialized(ContextHandler.java:997)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.initialize(ServletHandler.java:746)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.startContext(ServletContextHandler.java:379)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startWebapp(WebAppContext.java:1449)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.java:1414)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:911)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.doStart(ServletContextHandler.java:288)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:524)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:73)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.start(ContainerLifeCycle.java:169)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.start(Server.java:423)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.doStart(ContainerLifeCycle.java:110)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.AbstractHandler.doStart(AbstractHandler.java:97)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.doStart(Server.java:387)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:73)
at winstone.Launcher.<init>(Launcher.java:192)
at winstone.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:369)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
at Main._main(Main.java:375)
at Main.main(Main.java:151)
WARNING: An illegal reflective access operation has occurred
WARNING: Illegal reflective access by org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedClass (file:/home/user/something/jenkins/contents/war/WEB-INF/lib/groovy-all-2.4.12.jar) to method java.lang.Object.finalize()
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedClass
WARNING: Use --illegal-access=warn to enable warnings of further illegal reflective access operations
WARNING: All illegal access operations will be denied in a future release
2021-07-22 18:15:13.834+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.s.handler.ContextHandler#doStart: Started w.@27d57a2c{Jenkins v2.303,/,file:///home/user/something/jenkins/contents/war/,AVAILABLE}{/home/user/something/jenkins/contents/war}
2021-07-22 18:15:13.893+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.server.AbstractConnector#doStart: Started ServerConnector@4c178a76{HTTP/1.1, (http/1.1)}{0.0.0.0:9090}
2021-07-22 18:15:13.893+0000 [id=1] INFO org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server#doStart: Started @6790ms
2021-07-22 18:15:13.897+0000 [id=22] INFO winstone.Logger#logInternal: Winstone Servlet Engine running: controlPort=disabled
通过带有 Web 浏览器的辅助 PC 进行配置应该是可能的，这是因为服务器版本没有 GUI - 无论如何 Jenkins 都以该错误消息开始 - 可以http://192.168.1.XX:9090在 Web 浏览器中使用 - 因此 Jenkins（以某种方式）呈现以下消息：
Error
AWT is not properly configured on this server.
Perhaps you need to run your container with "-Djava.awt.headless=true"?
See also: https://www.jenkins.io/redirect/troubleshooting/java.awt.headless
java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FontConfiguration.getVersion(FontConfiguration.java:1262)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FontConfiguration.readFontConfigFile(FontConfiguration.java:225)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FontConfiguration.init(FontConfiguration.java:107)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.X11FontManager.createFontConfiguration(X11FontManager.java:719)
at java.desktop/sun.font.SunFontManager$2.run(SunFontManager.java:379)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.desktop/sun.font.SunFontManager.<init>(SunFontManager.java:324)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FcFontManager.<init>(FcFontManager.java:35)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.X11FontManager.<init>(X11FontManager.java:56)
Caused: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:490)
at java.desktop/sun.font.FontManagerFactory$1.run(FontManagerFactory.java:84)
Caused: java.lang.InternalError
at java.desktop/sun.font.FontManagerFactory$1.run(FontManagerFactory.java:86)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.desktop/sun.font.FontManagerFactory.getInstance(FontManagerFactory.java:74)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFont2D(Font.java:497)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFamily(Font.java:1410)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFamily_NoClientCode(Font.java:1384)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFamily(Font.java:1376)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.toString(Font.java:1869)
at hudson.util.ChartUtil.<clinit>(ChartUtil.java:270)
at hudson.WebAppMain.contextInitialized(WebAppMain.java:251)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.callContextInitialized(ContextHandler.java:1068)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.callContextInitialized(ServletContextHandler.java:572)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.contextInitialized(ContextHandler.java:997)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.initialize(ServletHandler.java:746)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.startContext(ServletContextHandler.java:379)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startWebapp(WebAppContext.java:1449)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.java:1414)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:911)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.doStart(ServletContextHandler.java:288)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:524)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:73)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.start(ContainerLifeCycle.java:169)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.start(Server.java:423)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.doStart(ContainerLifeCycle.java:110)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.AbstractHandler.doStart(AbstractHandler.java:97)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.doStart(Server.java:387)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:73)
at winstone.Launcher.<init>(Launcher.java:192)
at winstone.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:369)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
at Main._main(Main.java:375)
at Main.main(Main.java:151)
因此现在执行使用Djava.awt.headless=true
java -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar jenkins.war --httpPort=9090
Running from: /home/user/something/jenkins/bin/jenkins.war
webroot: EnvVars.masterEnvVars.get("JENKINS_HOME")
2021-07-22 18:30:37.797+0000 [id=1] INFO org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.Log#initialized: Logging initialized @2214ms to org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.JavaUtilLog
2021-07-22 18:30:38.160+0000 [id=1] INFO winstone.Logger#logInternal: Beginning extraction from war file
2021-07-22 18:30:38.231+0000 [id=1] WARNING o.e.j.s.handler.ContextHandler#setContextPath: Empty contextPath
2021-07-22 18:30:38.477+0000 [id=1] INFO org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server#doStart: jetty-9.4.42.v20210604; built: 2021-06-04T17:33:38.939Z; git: 5cd5e6d2375eeab146813b0de9f19eda6ab6e6cb; jvm 11.0.11+9
2021-07-22 18:30:39.776+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.w.StandardDescriptorProcessor#visitServlet: NO JSP Support for /, did not find org.eclipse.jetty.jsp.JettyJspServlet
2021-07-22 18:30:39.949+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.s.s.DefaultSessionIdManager#doStart: DefaultSessionIdManager workerName=node0
2021-07-22 18:30:39.953+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.s.s.DefaultSessionIdManager#doStart: No SessionScavenger set, using defaults
2021-07-22 18:30:39.956+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.server.session.HouseKeeper#startScavenging: node0 Scavenging every 600000ms
2021-07-22 18:30:41.569+0000 [id=1] INFO hudson.WebAppMain#contextInitialized: Jenkins home directory: /home/user/something/jenkins/contents found at: EnvVars.masterEnvVars.get("JENKINS_HOME")
2021-07-22 18:30:41.840+0000 [id=1] SEVERE hudson.util.BootFailure#publish: Failed to initialize Jenkins
java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FontConfiguration.getVersion(FontConfiguration.java:1262)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FontConfiguration.readFontConfigFile(FontConfiguration.java:225)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FontConfiguration.init(FontConfiguration.java:107)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.X11FontManager.createFontConfiguration(X11FontManager.java:719)
at java.desktop/sun.font.SunFontManager$2.run(SunFontManager.java:379)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.desktop/sun.font.SunFontManager.<init>(SunFontManager.java:324)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.FcFontManager.<init>(FcFontManager.java:35)
at java.desktop/sun.awt.X11FontManager.<init>(X11FontManager.java:56)
Caused: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:490)
at java.desktop/sun.font.FontManagerFactory$1.run(FontManagerFactory.java:84)
Caused: java.lang.InternalError
at java.desktop/sun.font.FontManagerFactory$1.run(FontManagerFactory.java:86)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.desktop/sun.font.FontManagerFactory.getInstance(FontManagerFactory.java:74)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFont2D(Font.java:497)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFamily(Font.java:1410)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFamily_NoClientCode(Font.java:1384)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.getFamily(Font.java:1376)
at java.desktop/java.awt.Font.toString(Font.java:1869)
at hudson.util.ChartUtil.<clinit>(ChartUtil.java:270)
at hudson.WebAppMain.contextInitialized(WebAppMain.java:251)
Caused: hudson.util.AWTProblem
at hudson.WebAppMain.contextInitialized(WebAppMain.java:252)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.callContextInitialized(ContextHandler.java:1068)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.callContextInitialized(ServletContextHandler.java:572)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.contextInitialized(ContextHandler.java:997)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.initialize(ServletHandler.java:746)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.startContext(ServletContextHandler.java:379)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startWebapp(WebAppContext.java:1449)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.java:1414)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:911)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.doStart(ServletContextHandler.java:288)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:524)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:73)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.start(ContainerLifeCycle.java:169)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.start(Server.java:423)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.doStart(ContainerLifeCycle.java:110)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.AbstractHandler.doStart(AbstractHandler.java:97)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.doStart(Server.java:387)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:73)
at winstone.Launcher.<init>(Launcher.java:192)
at winstone.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:369)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
at Main._main(Main.java:375)
at Main.main(Main.java:151)
WARNING: An illegal reflective access operation has occurred
WARNING: Illegal reflective access by org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedClass (file:/home/user/something/jenkins/contents/war/WEB-INF/lib/groovy-all-2.4.12.jar) to method java.lang.Object.finalize()
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedClass
WARNING: Use --illegal-access=warn to enable warnings of further illegal reflective access operations
WARNING: All illegal access operations will be denied in a future release
2021-07-22 18:30:42.721+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.s.handler.ContextHandler#doStart: Started w.@27d57a2c{Jenkins v2.303,/,file:///home/user/something/jenkins/contents/war/,AVAILABLE}{/home/user/something/jenkins/contents/war}
2021-07-22 18:30:42.781+0000 [id=1] INFO o.e.j.server.AbstractConnector#doStart: Started ServerConnector@b2c9a9c{HTTP/1.1, (http/1.1)}{0.0.0.0:9090}
2021-07-22 18:30:42.785+0000 [id=1] INFO org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server#doStart: Started @7204ms
2021-07-22 18:30:42.789+0000 [id=22] INFO winstone.Logger#logInternal: Winstone Servlet Engine running: controlPort=disabled
如何解决这个问题？
更多的
根据第三个输出，可以访问/建议以下链接以获取更多详细信息
https://www.jenkins.io/redirect/troubleshooting/java.awt.headless
它的目标是：
它表示要安装（就我的情况而言）
sudo apt install ttf-dejavusudo apt install xvfb
确实如此不是工作
答案1
感谢 Jenkins Jira 的以下链接
是强制安装fontconfig[.x86_64]，所以只需执行即可
sudo apt install fontconfig
笔记在 jira 中确实建议安装，fontconfig.x86_64但它在 Ubuntu 存储库中不存在。也许其他发行版也可用。所以其中一个应该是可行的，fontconfig要么fontconfig.x86_64
安装完成后请放心执行：
java -jar jenkins.war --httpPort=9090（是不需要的）-Djava.awt.headless=true）